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A. Shamshad C.S. LeowA. Ramlah W.M.A. Wan HussinS.A. Mohd. Sanusi 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008
The study evaluated the performance and suitability of AnnAGNPS model in assessing runoff, sediment loading and nutrient loading under Malaysian conditions. The watershed of River Kuala Tasik in Malaysia, a combination of two sub-watersheds, was selected as the area of study. The data for the year 2004 was used to calibrate the model and the data for the year 2005 was used for validation purposes. Several input parameters were computed using methods suggested by other researchers and studies carried out in Malaysia. The study shows that runoff was predicted well with an overall R2 value of 0.90 and E value of 0.70. Sediment loading was able to produce a moderate result of R2 = 0.66 and E = 0.49, nitrogen loading predictions were slightly better with R2 = 0.68 and E = 0.53, and phosphorus loading performance was slightly poor with an R2 = 0.63 and E = 0.33. The erosion map developed was in agreement with the erosion risk map produced by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. Rubber estates and urban areas were found to be the main contributors to soil erosion. The simulation results showed that AnnAGNPS has the potential to be used as a valuable tool for planning and management of watersheds under Malaysian conditions. 相似文献
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2001-2002水文年环太湖河道的水量及污染物通量 总被引：24，自引：11，他引：24
根据2001-2002水文年115条环太湖河道的同步环境监测资料,对水量及污染物通量进行了估算.全年的入湖水量为80.11×108m3,出湖水量为96.67×108m3.入湖水量主要通过西部河网以及西苕溪、望虞河等河流汇入太湖,其中西部河网的入湖量占总入湖量的60%;出湖水量主要通过太浦河、东苕溪以及东部河网汇出太湖,其中太浦河的出湖量占47%.污染物通量的估算结果是,CODMn、TN及TP的入湖总通量分别为37571t/a、28658t/a及1029t/a,出湖总通量分别为35431t/a、14600t/a及668t/a.CODMn、TN及TP入湖通量通过西部河网进入太湖的比例占63%、49%及47%;CODMn、TN及TP出湖通量通过太浦河汇出太湖的比例占51%、45%及34%.通过与上世纪90年代以前相同年型的数据进行对比,除TP外,其它各种污染物的入湖量均明显增加,且污染物在湖泊中的滞留率也显著提高.由此说明,环太湖河道入湖污染负荷的增加是太湖水环境恶化的根本原因. 相似文献
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杉木林和马尾松是分布于漳平市的两种易燃的可燃物类型。其可燃物负荷量的多少决定着林火行为。在利用ASTER计算杉木林小班平均植被覆盖度的基础上估算其郁闭度,通过与地面调查结果比较分析,校正已发生明显变化的小班郁闭度。根据已有估测方程,结合小班数据中的年龄、胸径和树高等因子对杉木地表可燃物负荷量进行了估测,据此对各杉木小班的燃烧性、燃烧强度及火险等级等因素进行初步评价。最后对漳平市另一易燃的可燃物马尾松类型开展地表可燃物负荷量估测及分析。 相似文献
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厦蓉线水都高速平寨隧道左洞洞口受施工条件、浅埋和偏压等因素的影响,采取了中横洞内出的进洞方法。现场监测成果表明施工取得了良好的效果。为研究该进洞方式对洞口浅埋偏压段围岩稳定性的影响,利用FLAC3D程序对平寨隧道施工过程进行三维仿真分析,比较中横洞内出和正面开挖两种进洞方式下左洞洞口围岩变形和应力变化情况,结果表明中横洞内出方案对近洞口约24m范围内围岩影响较小,为较优方案。 相似文献
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基于指数函数的有界性、函数曲线形状和构造土体动力本构模型的一般原则,把函数Y=e^x在（-∞,0]区间上的图像进行翻转、平移、放缩,从而构造出土体的动力本构模型的骨架曲线。在卸载和反向加载时,采用与骨架曲线相同的函数形式,并以前一次卸载开始点作为起点,以土体的极限应力水平作为渐近线,构造出土体动力本构模型的滞回曲线。在此基础上构造出适用于非对称循环荷载的指数形式土体动力本构模型（UE模型）。并用共振柱实验的结果检验了模型的有效性。UE模型具有四个特点：第一,适用于非对称循环荷载;第二,记忆量小;第三,卸载再加载滞回曲线自动满足Masing准则;第四,模型参数少,物理意义明确,可用常规试验确定。 相似文献
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介绍了基于GPS观测获取的地壳垂向季节性运动组成及相应的分析方法,阐述了地壳季节性运动在GPS流动垂向季节性修正、区域负荷质量变化监测、应力扰动与地震活动性的季节性变化分析、区域地壳结构反演等方面的应用研究进展,认为利用GPS观测研究地壳季节性运动的应用正向多手段、多学科融合发展,但需进一步完善数据处理模型(策略)、削弱解算结果中的误差,且各区域的地壳季节性运动机理值得深入分析。 相似文献
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循环荷载下半透水边界土层一维固结解析解 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了在循环荷载作用下具有双面半透水边界的饱和粘土层的一维固结问题。根据瞬时加载条件下的解答,采用积分方法得到了循环荷载条件下的解析解。根据解析解的结果,通过计算分析了边界条件和加载条件对土体固结过程的影响,可知：砂垫层和下卧层的渗透性减小会明显减缓固结过程;在循环荷载的一个周期内,孔压和固结度都会达到最大值和最小值各一次。 相似文献
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Nutrient dynamics in karst agroecosystems remain poorly understood, in part due to limited long‐term nested datasets that can discriminate upland and in‐stream processes. We present a 10‐year dataset from a karst watershed in the Inner‐Bluegrass Region of central Kentucky, consisting of nitrate (nitrate‐N [NO3?]), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total organic carbon (TOC), and total ammoniacal‐N (TAN) measurements at nested spring and stream sites as well as flowrate at the watershed outlet. Hydrograph separation techniques were coupled with multiple linear regression and Empirical Mode Decomposition time‐series analysis to determine significance of seasonal processes and to generate continuous estimates of nutrient pathway loadings. Further, we used model results of benthic algae growth and decomposition dynamics from a nearby watershed to assess if transient storage in algal biomass could explain differences in spring and downstream watershed nutrient loading. Results highlight statistically significant seasonality for all nutrients at stream sites, but only for NO3? at springs with longitudinal variability showing significant decreases occurring from spring to stream sites for NO3? and DRP, and significant increases for TOC and TAN. Pathway loading analysis highlighted the importance of slow flow pathways to source approximately 70% of DRP and 80% of NO3?. Results for in‐stream dynamics suggest that benthic autotroph dynamics can explain summer deviations for TOC, TAN, and DRP but not NO3?. Regarding upland dynamics, our findings agree well with existing perceptions in karst for N pathways and upland source seasonality but deviate from perceptions that karst conduits are retentive of P, reflecting the limited buffering capacity of the soil profile and conduit sediments in the Inner‐Bluegrass. Regarding in‐stream fate, our findings highlighted the significance of seasonally driven nutrient processing in the bedrock‐controlled streambed to influence nutrient fluxes at the watershed outlet. Contrary to existing perceptions, we found high N attenuation and an unexplained NO3? sink in the bedrock stream, leading us to postulate that floating macrophytes facilitate high rates of denitrification. 相似文献