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Ferromanganese crusts were found in carbonates of tectonostratigraphic units located in the northern and southern areas of the eastern External Subbetic of the Betic Cordilleras (SE Spain). The crusts are associated with four stratigraphic discontinuities of the Jurassic pelagic swells sequences: D1 (Late Carixian-Early Domerian), D2 (Middle Toarcian-Early Bajocian), D3 (Middle Bathonian-Middle Oxfordian), D4 (Early Tithonian-Late Albian). Two main textural types of crusts are distinguished. Type I crusts are thin and characterized by the presence of goethite, quartz, albite and phyllosilicates. Moreover, they show Si, Al, Mg, Na, Ti and K contents close to the European Shale Composite contents and Fe/Mn ratios (>350) higher than type II crusts. Type II crusts occur as thicker banded laminae and/or macrooncoids. They consist mainly of goethite and Mn-oxyhydroxides, which are enriched in REE, Co, Ni and Cu and show a strong Ce positive anomaly. After stratigraphical, mineralogical and geochemical data, the crust formation would be produced by the exposition of bottom sediments during long periods to a thin layer of oxidizing sea and porewater enriched in metallic elements. The textural and compositional variations between crusts can be explained by taking into account the bathymetric conditions. In shallower swells, the precipitation of a thick layer of banded type II crusts and in deeper areas, thin type I crusts were formed. Organic influence was only important in crusts from D3 of the northern area where textural evidence indicates the existence of seasonal periodically alternation between organism accretion and fine sedimentation. These were preceded and followed by phases in which the inorganic precipitation of oxides prevailed together with the fine sedimentation. 相似文献
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In most design applications such as alignment of the berthing structure and breakwater alignment, it becomes necessary to determine the direction of design wave. There are two different approaches to determine wave direction. One involves the use of first order Fourier coefficients (mean wave direction) while the other uses second order Fourier coefficients (principal wave direction). Both the average wave direction over the entire frequency range (0.03–0.58 Hz) and the direction corresponding to the peak frequency are used in practice. In the present study, comparison is made on wave directions estimated based on first and second order Fourier coefficients using data collected at four locations in the west and east coasts of India. Study shows that at all locations, the mean and principal wave directions for frequencies ranging from 0.07 to 0.25 Hz (±0.5 times peak frequency) co-vary with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 but at lower and higher frequencies, difference between the parameters is large. Average difference between the mean wave direction at peak frequency and the average over the frequency related to spectral energy more than 20% of maximum value is less, around 13°. Study shows that average difference in the sea and swell directions is around 39°. 相似文献
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为研究了江苏辐射沙洲地区潮流场对涌浪能量传播的影响,本文利用双向耦合的Delft3D-FLOW和SWAN模型进行了对江苏辐射沙洲地区风-浪-潮流的整体模拟。时间尺度,是表达波能传播速率的有量纲参数。本文利用时间尺度这一物理概念来描述涌浪的波能在地理空间和谱空间中的传播规律。时间尺度越小,波能的传播速率越快。研究发现,通过计算和对比波能的时间尺度在地理空间、谱空间内的变化规律,发现在辐射沙洲地区,波能时间尺度在谱空间内变化偏大。而在潮流影响下,涌浪的频率运移表现更明显。通过理想实验的对比,发现涌浪能量的时间尺度在有潮流明显较无潮流作用时变小,这反映了潮流对于涌浪能量的传递速率有正向作用。在地理空间上,波能的时间尺度在涨潮时刻减小,落潮时刻增大。 相似文献
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Ocean wave studies in western Cook Strait 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
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根据青岛汇泉湾内沙坝形态特征和动力条件的分析,提出汇泉湾内沙坝的形成主要与外海传来的大涌浪有关。通过波浪折射绕射的分析和破波波高,破碎水深的计算得到证实。并解释了沙坝的成因,形态特征及其与波浪变形的对应关系。 相似文献
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J.Pablo Canales Garrett Ito Robert S. DetrickJohn Sinton 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):311-327
Wide-angle refraction and multichannel reflection seismic data show that oceanic crust along the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) between 97°W and 91°25′W thickens by 2.3 km as the Galápagos plume is approached from the west. This crustal thickening can account for ∼52% of the 700 m amplitude of the Galápagos swell. After correcting for changes in crustal thickness, the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly associated with the Galápagos swell shows a minimum of −25 mGal near 92°15′W, the area where the GSC is intersected by the Wolf-Darwin volcanic lineament (WDL). The remaining depth and gravity anomalies indicate an eastward reduction of mantle density, estimated to be most prominent above a compensation depth of 50-100 km. Melting calculations assuming adiabatic, passive mantle upwelling predict the observed crustal thickening to arise from a small increase in mantle potential temperature of ∼30°C. The associated thermal expansion and increase in melt depletion reduce mantle densities, but to a degree that is insufficient to explain the geophysical observations. The largest density anomalies appear at the intersection of the GSC and the WDL. Our results therefore require the existence of compositionally buoyant mantle beneath the GSC near the Galápagos plume. Possible origins of this excess buoyancy include melt retained in the mantle as well as mantle depleted by melting in the upwelling plume beneath the Galápagos Islands that is later transported to the GSC. Our estimate for the buoyancy flux of the Galápagos plume (700 kg s−1) is lower than previous estimates, while the total crustal production rate of the Galápagos plume (5.5 m3s−1) is comparable to that of the Icelandic and Hawaiian plumes. 相似文献
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"海洋石油201"号等多艘铺管船在东海海域进行铺管施工时受低频涌浪环境影响横摇运动强烈,严重影响了正常铺管作业。为了分析铺管船横摇过大的原因,从理论上分析了铺管船可能发生较大横摇的波浪条件,并对"海洋石油201"号铺管船在遭遇波浪周期等于横摇固有周期1/2倍和1倍,不同波高的规则波中航向角分别为0°、30°、60°和90°时的运动特性进行了模型试验。试验结果表明铺管船遭遇周期为其横摇固有周期一半的涌浪时未发生参数横摇,而遭遇与其横摇固有周期接近的涌浪时发生谐摇是导致其横摇运动过大的原因。研究成果与相应的气象资料结合,可为铺管船施工气候窗口的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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The Canary Islands geoid anomaly shows only a short-wavelength high associated with island topography. The predicted anomaly best matches the observed geoid when we assume that the lithosphere is a very stiff plate. We find no evidence for shallow reheating or a mantle plume, since there is no evidence of a midplate swell and the corresponding elastic thickness is appropriate for the age of the seafloor on which the island group rests. 相似文献
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A. M. J. Davis 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):175-194
Abstract By relaxing the rigid-lid approximation in the ocean, significant improvements are made to the mathematical and physical aspects of a previously presented model. The difficulties associated with |κ| in wavenumber space are eliminated and the velocities remain bounded at the coastal tip. The method of solution has significant changes but the well-known shelf waves are essentially unaltered and the overall conclusions are similar. 相似文献
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