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A Pliocene composite shell concentration from a shallow-marine carbonate succession located in the small, slowly subsiding Novoli graben (Salento peninsula, Puglia, S-Italy) is interpreted as a tsunamite. This interpretation is based on taphonomic, palaeoecological and sedimentologic features. The deposit appears to drape the previous substrate, with thinning on the topographic highs and thickening in the lows, and consists of up to six sub-layers showing repeated grading (normal and reverse), suggesting that deposition occurred during up to six surges. The shell assemblage results from a chaotic mixing of taxa spanning a large spectrum of environments and taphonomic features. Although a fraction of broken shells is present, most shells are integral, suggesting a transport mechanism preventing strong impacts. On the other hand, the high comminution of skeletal remains occurring in the matrix of the deposit is thought to reflect the composition of sea-floor sediment before the inferred high-energy event.The predominance of displaced, but still articulated valves indicates that bivalves were mostly transported while still alive, after having been lifted from the sea bed. Exhumation, displacement, and large-scale transport of large-sized, deep-infaunal organisms (such as Panopea) implies that across relatively large areas the upper few decimetres of the middle–inner shelf floor were eroded by highly turbulent flows of exceptional intensity. A transport as turbulent suspension, very rapid deposition and immediate and permanent burial are strongly suggested by the general integrity of the shells indicating limited effects of physical damage and lack of biological alteration. The variable faunal characteristics of the unit lying below the inferred tsunamite suggest that deposition of the latter took place in settings ranging from a somewhat restricted, relatively low-energy bay, to a more open inner-shelf environment. 相似文献
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PAH concentrations in Coquina (Donax spp.) on a sandy beach shoreline impacted by a marine oil spill
Richard A. Snyder Alexandra VestalChristina Welch Gracie BarnesRobert Pelot Melissa Ederington-HagyFredrick Hileman 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
The BP MC252 well failure in the Gulf of Mexico, April 2010 caused concern for crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) exposure along the sandy beaches of the Florida Panhandle. We began collections of Coquina clams (Donax spp.) from the surf zone of Florida Panhandle beaches to monitor PAH contamination to compliment analysis of surf zone sand samples. These clams had higher levels of PAHs relative to ambient sand, and this allowed us to continue to monitor PAH levels after sand concentrations fell below limits of detection. PAH levels in the Coquina tissues were highly variable, perhaps indicative of the heterogeneous distribution of oil and tar on the beaches and exposure to tar particles. Overall, PAH levels decreased continuously in both sand and Coquina tissues, reaching limits of detection within one and two years respectively after oil landed on Florida Panhandle beaches. Our work suggests these surf zone molluscs may be used to monitor pollutant exposure along high energy sandy beach shorelines. 相似文献
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