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Federico Caprotti 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):942-957
This paper investigates the Italian fascist regime’s use of internal colonisation as part of a wider ruralisation policy aimed at promoting population growth, curbing rural-urban migration, staunching emigration, and halting the spread of industrial urbanisation. By focusing on the case study of the Pontine Marshes, the paper demonstrates how, through targeted selection procedures aimed at displacing defined social and political undesirables, migrants were chosen and effectively coerced into migrating to the “fascist” landscape of the marshes. The area, reclaimed and developed in the 1930s, was celebrated as a sign of the regime’s engineering and social success. The paper utilises Antonio Gramsci’s thought on hegemony, and argues that the overt use of coercion hints at the fact that fascism, although ideologically totalitarian and hegemonic, was contested. Although statisticians, demographers and state bureaucrats were organised and institutionalised in the construction of hegemony based on consent, fascism based itself more in coercion than in passive consent in the case of internal colonisation. 相似文献
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Recycling domestic wastewaters is one way to maximize the utilization of freshwater. Although sewage treatment plants help to remove particulate wastes, organic matter still remains, which can be used to harvest sizeable populations of zooplankton. In an effort to identify cladocerans which could grow on this organic matter, we tested the life table demography of the commonly found cladocerans (Alona rectangula, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Moina macrocopa, and Daphnia pulex) feeding on wastewater at three different stages of purification (tank that receives crude wastes (A), the biological reactor (B), and the penultimate stage of the treatment process (C)) from the Iztacalco water treatment plant in Mexico City. Experiments were conducted using the medium from each of the 3 tanks previously mentioned and a control of Chlorella vulgaris at 1.0 × 106 cells mL?1. We found that the average lifespan ranged from 5…30 days with D. pulex living the longest. The growth rate, which ranged from ?0.57 to +1.5 was highest for M. macrocopa. Our data indicate that Moina macrocopa, which had higher reproductive rates on wastewater than the controls, was most suited for growing in wastewaters. 相似文献
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The paper describes a model of an agricultural society in which agents live in a single settlement and use the surrounding area to produce essential and non-essential goods. Agents make, and attempt to fulfil, consumption and production plans but markets do not always clear and goods can change hands at different prices between different pairs of agents. The model generates a wide range of agricultural landscapes, including those of a classical von Thünen economy. Demographically, it produces outcomes varying from logistic growth to periodic collapse caused by cyclical famines. 相似文献
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In recent years, the empirical literature linking environmental factors and human migration has grown rapidly and gained increasing visibility among scholars and the policy community. Still, this body of research uses a wide range of methodological approaches for assessing environment–migration relationships. Without comparable data and measures across a range of contexts, it is impossible to make generalizations that would facilitate the development of future migration scenarios. Demographic researchers have a large methodological toolkit for measuring migration as well as modeling its drivers. This toolkit includes population censuses, household surveys, survival analysis and multi-level modeling. This paper's purpose is to introduce climate change researchers to demographic data and methods and to review exemplary studies of the environmental dimensions of human migration. Our intention is to foster interdisciplinary understanding and scholarship, and to promote high quality research on environment and migration that will lead toward broader knowledge of this association. 相似文献
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Sri Lanka has one of the lowest fertility rates among poor countries of the world. The fertility decline which began in the
1950s has held steady during the last four decades, despite low levels of economic development. Widespread use of contraception
is the primary cause of the fertility decline. However, there is no one single homogenous body of people that can be characterized
as a ‘modern’ contracepting population through which new methods of family planning have spatially diffused. There is evidence
that the overall fertility decline began even before the establishment of the modern family planning program in Sri Lanka.
Our analysis showed four broad regional regimes of fertility transition with considerable social and place-to-place differences
in method-specific rates of contraception among them. Non-modern ‘traditional techniques’ of contraception which are widely
used are an important part of fertility regulation. Sterilization is the most common method of modern contraception in all
regions. Less than a tenth of the protected couples use methods such as the pill and the IUD; moreover, these methods are
often discontinued after initial use. Traditional methods are an important part of the contraceptive mix in Sri Lanka, and
it would be inadvisable to discourage the use of such practices.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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We tested the effect of two algal diets (Chlorella vulgaris at 1 · 106 cells mL?1and Scenedesmus acutus at 0.57 · 106 cells mL?1) offered alone or in combination (50 % each, 75 % or 25 % of either alga), at a total dry weight of 14.2 μg mL?1on the life table demography of two rotifer species, Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus patulus. Data on fecundity indicated that, for any given algal food type or combination of food types, B. calyciflorus had a higher rate of offspring production than B. patulus. Regardless of the rotifer species, the average lifespan varied from 4 to 6 days. The gross and net reproductive rates were higher for B. calyciflorus than for B. patulus. These values ranged from 45 to 71 offspring female?1 lifespan?1 and 15 to 24 offspring female?1 lifespan?1, respectively, for B. calyciflorus. Generation times (around 4…5 days) were similar for both rotifer species in most of the treatments. Whatever the algal food combination, the rate of population increase (d?1) of B. patulus was less than half (i.e. 45 %) of that for B. calyciflorus. The observed differences in the life history variables of Brachionus probably explain species‐specific adaptations to the changing phytoplankton composition occurring seasonally in natural waterbodies. 相似文献
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First insights into the demography of the rare gorgonian Spinimuricea klavereni in the Mediterranean Sea 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present the results of the first study to highlight the demography, morphometry and growth rates of Spinimuricea klavereni, a rare Mediterranean endemic gorgonian exceptionally common in shallow depths of the Northeast Marmara Sea. In the study area, this species forms vast populations on rocks, boulders and attached to pebbles/stones/shells on soft substrates between 20 and 45 m depth, with a total average density of 0.3 colonies·m?2 but comprising patches up to 3 colonies·m?2. Colonies, which are on average 42.9 (±20.1) cm in height, can reach up to 110 cm. Unlike other Mediterranean gorgonians, the colonies studied here showed fast growth rates that decreased with increasing colony height, between 1.5–11.1 and 4.96 ± 3.01 cm·year?1 on average. The low necrosis and high growth rates displayed by this species in the Northeast Marmara Sea confirm the previously hypothesized opportunistic behaviour of the species. The unique community consisting of S. klavereni and other rare gorgonian/soft corals has limited distribution in this area and should be considered to be a vulnerable marine ecosystem. Therefore we recommend that some conservation measures are taken, including the prohibition of all fisheries and anchoring over these assemblages. 相似文献
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人口在空间上的实际分布是人口地理学研究的基础和热点问题。目前全球不同尺度的人口空间化数据产品因生产方法、数据源等有较大差异,空间化产品的一致性存在较大差异,尤其是共性需求集中的1 km数据产品。本文以京津冀地区为研究区,基于2000年乡镇尺度的人口普查数据和可开放获得的手机定位数据,利用光影投射法计算人口分布权重,结合面积权重法和指数平滑法得到京津冀地区1 km分辨率的人口空间化结果PJ2000。该产品较好地反映了京津冀人口实际分布细节特征。经精度评定,PJ2000人口空间化的总体精度为90%,人口空间化相对误差小于0.5的乡镇（街道）数约占87%,PJ2000与2000年乡镇街道人口统计数据pop2000的相关系数r高达0.95。结果证明,结合乡镇尺度人口统计数据和手机定位数据等多源数据所构建的人口空间化模型,所获1 km分辨率人口密度数据集精度得到显著提高。 相似文献
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