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Modelling forest canopy gaps using LiDAR-derived variables 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Remote sensing has revolutionized forest management and has been widely employed to model canopy gaps. In this study, a canopy height model (CHM) and an intensity raster (IR) derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data were used to model canopy gaps within a four-year-old Eucalyptus grandis forest using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach. Model thematic accuracies using the CHM, intensity raster and combined data set (CHM and IR) were all above 90%, with KHAT values ranging from 0.88 to 0.96. Independent test thematic accuracies were also above 90%, with KHAT values ranging from 0.82 to 0.91. A comparative area-based assessment yielded accuracies ranging from 70 to 90%, with the highest accuracies achieved using the combined data set. The results of this study show that using a CHM and intensity raster, and an OBIA approach, provides a viable framework to accurately detect and delineate canopy gaps within a commercial forest environment. 相似文献
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近50a来霍林河流域下游沿岸湿地景观格局演变 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以干旱半干旱生态脆弱区霍林河流域下游沿岸洪泛湿地为研究对象,利用1954和1964年地形图,1986、1996和2000年的TM遥感影像作为基本信息源,在GIS支持下,建立湿地空间数据库,通过对不同时期各湿地景观类型进行景观变化过程、景观格局指数和景观转换过程分析,揭示近50 a来霍林河流域下游沿岸湿地景观格局动态及规律。研究发现,沼泽湿地是霍林河流域下游沿岸的主导湿地景观类型,次之为河流湖泊湿地,人工湿地比重小。研究区内湿地面积的减少以沼泽湿地的贡献量最大,这是由于大面积的沼泽湿地退化为盐碱地和草地,沼泽湿地景观破碎化表现突出。河流湖泊湿地在研究时期内则表现出最快的变化速度,年均动态度达到2.60%,它的这种减少变化是由数量众多的小斑块退化为盐碱地和沼泽湿地导致。水库坑塘景观变化受流域发展水利及霍林河径流量大小控制,水田湿地则主要受后者作用。共同的一点是,受霍林河1998年特大历史洪水泛滥影响,研究区内大面积盐碱地、沼泽湿地和草地转换为河流湖泊湿地,与此同时也有大面积草地和盐碱地转换为沼泽湿地,导致两种自然湿地景观类型在2000年表现出面积扩大,景观破碎化降低,整体性增强的变化,这在一定程度上体现出洪水脉冲在退化湿地景观恢复中的生态功能。 相似文献
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利用雅安市雨城区1996年、2003年土地利用现状图，在ArcGIS平台下进行矢量化，生成两期土地利用现状图及属形数据，通过FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件，计算相应的景观格局指数，用以描述研究区景观格局特征。结果表明，研究区在1996～2003年，斑块数明显增加，平均斑块面积减小，景观斑块的形状趋于复杂且不规则，表现为分维数的增加；通过景观破碎度的分析，斑块密度、边界密度呈上升趋势，斑块连接度、聚集度减小；1996年、2003年两个时段的基质景观均是林地，主要景观类型为林地、耕地；通过景观多样性、均匀度、聚集度分析，景观异质性增加。 相似文献
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黑河流域中游张掖绿洲景观格局研究 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：33
在解译的张掖绿洲土地利用/土地覆盖图的基础上, 进行相关的景观类型综合处理, 计算了绿洲景观格局的多个指数. 结果表明, 绿洲景观的组成以戈壁、沙地、耕地和草地为主, 体现了荒漠基质受人工影响而形成的典型农业型绿洲的特点. 绿洲内居民点众多, 仅与少数类型邻接并且比较分散, 戈壁、平原旱地和沙地分布则比较集中. 盐碱地和裸岩石砾地的形状最复杂, 戈壁的形状则最简单; 同时, 平原旱地、戈壁和裸岩石砾地的连接性均较好, 在景观中占有较大比重, 类型间的物质和能量迁移比较通畅. 相似文献
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土地利用分类对景观格局指数的影响 总被引：54，自引：1，他引：53
基于景观格局指数的空间格局分析是当前景观生态学研究的重要基础内容,不仅数据源准确度、尺度效应显著影响景观格局指数,土地利用类型划分也对景观格局指数具有显著影响,但我们对这种影响的总体理解尚很缺乏。本研究选取24种常用景观格局指数,以深圳市宝安区为试验区,探讨景观格局指数随土地利用分类系统变化的基本规律。研究结果表明,土地利用分类对景观格局指数的确具有显著影响。而根据景观格局指数对土地利用类型数目变化响应的可预测性,可将其分为三类：① 第一类指数随土地利用分类系统变化的可预测性强,能用简单函数关系 (对数函数关系、S形曲线、反比曲线关系) 来表达,包括斑块数目、斑块密度、边界密度、平均斑块面积、景观形状指数、平均斑块形状指数、周长面积比分维数、平均斑块分维数、聚合度、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和修改Simpson多样性指数;② 第二类指数随土地利用分类系统变化可预测性较差,表现为典型的分段 (或阶梯形) 变化,存在多种可能 (S形曲线、直线、反比曲线与复合曲线关系),包括斑块面积标准差、斑块面积变异系数、最大斑块指数、面积加权平均斑块形状指数、面积加权平均斑块分维数、分离度和斑块结合度;③ 第三类指数由于在度量相关空间格局特征时考虑了土地利用类型数多少的影响,随土地利用分类系统变化呈无规律变化,难以用一种简单函数或分段函数来预测其变化行为,包括蔓延度、Shannon均匀度指数、Simpson均匀度指数、修改Simpson均匀度指数和优势度指数。这些指数随土地利用分类系统变化的变化规律,使试验区不同时期、不同土地利用分类系统下的空间格局比较成为可能。 相似文献
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Dong Xiaofeng Liu Lichen Wang Jianhua Shi Jin Pan Jinghu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(3):651-664
Eco-environmental changes which generally manifest as the ecological landscape changes are mainly affected by natural and
human factors. Through complex interaction, natural factors and human activities alter the landscape structure and decide
the service function of regional ecosystem. With the development of geographical information system (GIS) and satellite remote
sensing (RS) techniques, the researches on quantitative analysis of landscape changes have made great strides forward. In
this paper, the landscape change dynamics in the Weigou River basin have been investigated by the combined use of high-resolution
RS images and GIS techniques. The objectives are to determine the landscape transition rates among landscape types and to
quantify changes of various landscape indexes using FRAGSTATS, one of the spatial pattern analysis programs for categorical
maps. Under man–machine interactive interpretation method, all of the 10-m resolution SPOT + TM images are classified into
six primary types (farmland, forest, grassland, water, construction area and desert) and 12 sub-types based on the interpretation
key which was established based on 1947 filed pictures in the Weigou River basin. A field check on the data accuracy shows
that the total interpretation accuracy approaches 97.53%. Significant land-use change has taken place in the Weigou River
basin over the six years from 1998 to 2004 due to rehabilitation measures. The results show that there has been a notable
decrease in farmland mainly due to conversion to forest and grassland, the landscape heterogeneity and evenness has increased,
and there is a greater connectivity. The dominance of farmland patch has decreased. And hence the ecological environment has
started to develop in a reversing direction. The study of the integration of high-resolution RS images and GIS technique is
an effective approach to analyze the landscape changes at river basin scale. 相似文献
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榆林市农业景观格局变化研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
根据1986年和2000年两期TM影像资料和其他辅助资料, 运用人机交互解译方法以及地理信息系统的空间分析和数理统计功能, 分析了榆林市农业景观格局变化, 包括土地利用数量变化、变化速度和区域差异等特征, 以及各景观类型之间的转化情况, 并对景观格局变化进行了定量分析。结果表明: 14a间, 榆林市未利用地减少1305.56km2, 其中主要是沙地减少; 耕地、林地、草地分别增加567.11km2、99.6km2和616.79km2; 未利用地和建设用地的变化率最大, 分别为-22.11%和18.18%; 土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异; 各类型间的转化突出表现为未利用地向草地转化, 草地向林地和耕地转化。榆林市近十几年景观类型发生了明显转换, 土地整治取得显著成绩。 相似文献
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Quantifying landscape structure of the Heihe River Basin, north-west China using FRAGSTATS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
We have compiled landscape map of the Heihe River Basin based on the land-use map using geographic information systems. A total of six ecoregions was delineated. Various landscape metrics of each zone, including area, patch density and size, edge, shape, nearest-neighbor, diversity, and contagion and interspersion metrics were calculated using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS. The results indicated that the landscape pattern of the Heihe River Basin is mainly controlled by the distribution of water resources. The landscape structure in the mountainous area of the Heihe River Basin shows a high continuity and complex patch shapes. The landscape structure of the oasis area shows the most complex landscape structure, the richest patch types, and the highest diversity. The oases are distributed along rivers and artificial channels, and are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the desert landscape matrix. The landscape structures of oases in different zones vary greatly. In the oasis zone in the Hexi Corridor, the artificial oasis, dominated by irrigated farmland, is one of the most important landscape elements. Conversely, in the Ruoshui River Delta zone, the patches are fragmented and the landscape is easily disturbed. In the transitional belt between oasis and desert, the patch types are meadow, salinized meadow, salt desert, and marsh, which are fragmented and distributed in clusters. These patch types reflect the biodiversity in the arid region and play an important role in resisting the desertification in the area, suggesting they must be protected carefully. In the desert area, such as the northern Alxa High Plain, the bare gobi is a landscape matrix with absolute dominance and very high contagion, while other landscape types in the zone are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the matrix with very small percentage. 相似文献
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定边县土地利用动态变化研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
根据1986年和2000年2期TM影像解译资料,运用地理信息系统的空间分析和数理统计功能以及景观分析软件FRAGSTATS分析了定边县土地利用变化的数量变化、变化速度等特征,以及各类型之间的转化情况和景观指标变化特点。结果表明：15年间,定边县土地利用类型发生明显变化,耕地、林地分别增加48769．23hm^2和3654．93hm^2;草地减少43763．01hm^2;各类型间的转化突出表现为草地向耕地与林地咕勺转化;景观指标变化分析表明景观结构异质程度下降,景观类型有向单一化或非均衡化方向发展的趋势。 相似文献
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