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山东朱崖黄土裂缝的成因及其地震地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东朱崖一带Q_22—Q_32黄土中发育了许多构造裂缝。有封闭的张性裂缝、快速张裂的裂缝、缓慢持续张裂的裂缝及有摩擦面的压扭性裂缝,后两种裂缝形成时间晚。裂缝的的产状、力学特征与现代区域构造应力场有较好的相关性。 朱崖黄土裂缝的形成与其所处的构造部位有关。朱崖位于NW向的无棣—青州(益都)活动构造带内,历史上NW向断裂与NE向断裂的交叉点上发生了六次中、强地震,朱崖位于NE向淄河断裂与活动的NW向淄博—朱崖断裂交叉点上,是应力易于集中、构造活动明显的部位 相似文献
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Ken Thomson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(2):116-128
Understanding the volcanic processes operating during continental break-up is hampered by the subsequent burial of the majority of the volcanic pile beneath thick sedimentary sequences currently located in bathymetrically deep offshore regions. Although portions of these volcanic systems are currently exposed on land, a full understanding of the volcanic structure, the eruptive styles and their evolution is not possible as these localities have been partially eroded. Furthermore, as the onshore exposure represents a volumetrically minor part of the entire system, the documented eruptive styles may not be representative. The increasing availability of 3D seismic reflection data has the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of break-up related volcanism, as it allows direct access to detailed information from the buried volcanic succession. However, conventional seismic interpretation methodologies cannot determine lava flow morphologies, and as a result, eruptive styles and their evolution are still largely based on extrapolation from the accessible onshore outcrop data. New 3D seismic volume visualisation techniques allow the buried basalt morphologies to be examined for the first time in a manner similar to outcrop, aerial photographic or satellite-based observations. Applying this new approach for 3D seismic data to the North Rockall Trough, U.K. Atlantic margin, demonstrates that a range of volcanic features indicative of eruptive style can be determined. The data reveal a complex terrain containing lava flows originating from discrete volcanic centres, contemporaneous normal faults, linear fissures a few kilometres long, radial fissures and inflation ridges. Lava flow morphologies that are indicative of tube-fed inflated sheetflows, intracanyon flows and elongate subaerial flows that enter water downslope to produce a large hyaloclastite delta are observed.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at .Editorial responsibility: J. Stix 相似文献
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陈志新 《地球科学与环境学报》2002,24(2):17-20
地裂缝是一种自然因素和人为因素共同作用下的地质现象,近30年来,在我国大华北地区极为发育,给人民的生命财产和城市规划建设构成了极大威胁,因此根据多年来的研究,总结出了地裂缝的成灾机理,并提出相应的防御对策。 相似文献
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A conceptual hydrogeological model of ophiolite hard-rock aquifers in Oman based on a multiscale and a multidisciplinary approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Benoît Dewandel Patrick Lachassagne Françoise Boudier Saïd Al-Hattali Bernard Ladouche Jean-Louis Pinault Zaher Al-Suleimani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2005,13(5-6):708-726
Ophiolites are found all over the world: from the Alps to the Himalayas, in Cuba, Papua-New Guinea, New Caledonia, Newfoundland, etc. They are composed of hard rocks—basalt, dolerite, gabbro and peridotite, which are formed at the mid-oceanic ridges, with specific ridge-related tectonic fracturing and intense hydrothermal alteration. Their geological and thus their hydrogeological properties differ from those of both granite or classical gabbro and classical basaltic lava. A conceptual hydrogeological model of these hard-rock aquifers was developed based on the convergent results of a multidisciplinary approach at several spatial scales, from rock-sample (centimetre) to catchment (kilometre), on well-preserved ophiolite rocks in Oman. In ophiolite rocks, groundwater circulation takes place mostly in the fissured near-surface horizon (50 m thick), and, to a lesser degree, in the tectonic fractures. Hydrograph analysis (Water Resour Res 34:233–240, 1977), interpretation of numerous pumping tests using both classical Theis and dual porosity models [Water Resour Res 32:2733–2745, 1996; Comput Geosci J (in press)], and mercury porosity and hydraulic conductivity lab-measurements support the aquifer parameter estimates. The hydraulic conductivity K of the fissured horizon is estimated at 10–5 to 10–6 m/s for gabbro and dolerite, and 10–7 m/s for peridotite. The storage coefficient S of the peridotite aquifer is estimated at 10–3 and appears to be controlled mainly by microcracks (20 to 100 m wide). Tectonic fractures in the ophiolite have similar hydrodynamic properties regardless of lithology (10–1<T<10–4 m2/s and 10–1<S<10–3) though the probability of obtaining productive wells is two to three times greater in gabbro and dolerite than in peridotite. Some of the tectonic fractures produce small hydrothermal, hyperalkaline springs in the peridotite. The water budget and hydrochemistry of the Oman ophiolite are characterized and support the conceptual hydrogeological model. Despite low annual rainfall, a relatively low hydraulic conductivity and a significant storage coefficient explain why most of the streams in peridotite are perennial.
Résumé Les ophiolites se trouvent partout dans le monde : des Alpes à lHymalaya, à Cuba, Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée, Nouvelle Calédonie, etc. Les ophiolites sont composées de roches dures basaltiques, de dolérites, gabbros et péridotites, qui sont formées aux rides mi-océaniques, avec, en relation avec les rides, une fracturation tectonique et une altération hydrothermale intense. Leurs propriétés géologiques et hydrogéologiques diffèrent de celles des granites ou des gabbros classiques ou des laves basaltiques classiques. Un modèle hydrogéologique conceptuel des aquifères de hard-rock a été développé sur les résultats convergents dune approche multidisciplinaire à différentes échelles spatiales, de léchantillon de roche de quelques centimètres à la taille du bassin versant en kilomètres, des ophiolites bien conservées dOman. Dans les roches ophiolitiques, la circulation des eaux souterraines est surtout localisée dans les fissures dun horizon de surface de plus dune cinquantaine de mètres et à un degré moindre dans les fractures tectoniques. Lanalyse des hydrographes (Water Resour Res 34:233–240, 1977), linterprétation des nombreux essais de pompage utilisant des modèles classiques de Theis et des modèles à double porosité (Water Resour Res 32:2733–2745, 1996; Comput Geosci J (Soumis), la porosité au mercure et la conductivité hydraulique calculée en laboratoire supportent lestimation des paramètres de laquifère. La conductivité hydraulique K de lhorizon fissuré est estimée entre 10–5 et 10–6 m/s pour les gabbros et les dolérites, et 10–7 m/s pour les péridotites. Le coefficient demmagasinement S de laquifère de péridotite est estimé à 10–3 et semble être contrôlé par les micro-fractures (20 à 100 m de largeur). Les fractures tectoniques dans les ophiolites possèdent des propriétés hydrodynamiques en regard de la lithologie (10-1<T<10-4 m2/s et 10-1/S/10-3) bien que la probabilité dobtenir des puits productifs est trois plus grand dans le grabbro et la dolérite que la péridétite. Quelques unes des fractures tectoniques produisent de petites sources hydrothermales hyperalcalines dans la péridotite. Le bilan hydrologique et hydrochimique de lophiolite dOman caractérise le modèle hydrogéologique conceptuel. Malgré des faibles précipitations annuelles, une relativement basse conductivité hydraulique et un coefficient demmagasinement significatif expliquent pourquoi la plus part des cours deau sur les péridotites ne sont jamais taris.
Resumen Las rocas ofiolitas se encuentran en muchas partes del mundo desde los Alpes a los Himilaya, Newfoundland, Nueva Caledonia etc. Son rocas duras compuestas de basalto, dolerita, gabro y peridotita que son formadas por los cordones medio-oceánicos y por fracturación relacionada con los cordones tectónicos específicos y alteración hidrotermal intensa. La geología y los propiedades hidrogeológicas varian entre las de granito y gabro clásico y lava de basalto clásico. Se desarrolló un modelo conceptual de los acuíferos de las rocas duras Basado en los resultados convergentes de un enfoce multidisciplinario a varias escalas a partir de muestras de roca (centímetro) a cuenca kilómetro) enfocado en las rocas ofilíticas bien preservados en Oman. En las rocas ofiolíticas la circulación de agua ocurre principalmente en el horizonte de fisuras cercanas a la superficie (>50 m de espesor) y en un grado menos importante en fracturas tectónicas. Los estimados de los parámetros de estos acuíferos se basan en análisis de hidrógrafos (Water Resour Res 34:233–240, 1977), en la interpretación de pruebas de bombeo usando los modelos clásicos de Theis y de porosidad doble (Hamm y Bidaux 1996; Lods y Gouze, [en prensa]), y porosidad de mecurio y conductividad hidraúlica medida en el laboratorio. La conductividad hidraúlica K del horizonte fisurado se estima en 10E-5 a 10E-6 m-s para gabro y dolerita y 10E-7 para peridotita. El coeficiente de abastecimiento S del acuífero peridotita se estima en 10–3 y parece ser controlado principalmente por microfracturas (20 to 100 m de ancho). Las fracturas tectónicas en la ofiolita tienen propiedades hidrodinámicas similares independientes de la litología (10–1<T<10–4 m2/s and 10–1<S<10–3) pero la probabilidad de obtener pozos productivos es dos o tres veces mayor en gabro que en dolerita o peridotita. Algunas de las fracturas tectónicas producen pequeñas descargas de agua hidrotermal hiperalcalina en la peridotita. El presupuesto e hidroquímica de las ofilitas de Omán se caracteriza y apoya en el modelo conceptual hidrogeológico. La baja lluvia anual, una conductividad hidraúlica relativamente baja y un coeficiente de abastecimiento importante explican porqué la mejoría de los drenajes en peridotita es peremne.相似文献
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江苏黄桥CO2气田是目前我国陆上最大的CO2气田，由于长期的地层压实作用和成岩后生变化，海相地层层系的原生孔隙的储集条件和渗透性相对变差，绝大部分丧失了作为有效储层的储集功能。在这种情况下，海相地层的后生裂隙相当发育，它们极大地改善了原生孔隙的不足，并成为CO2聚集成藏的主要储集空间。研究裂隙储层特征，建立其识别标态，对扩大黄桥CO2气田的勘探远景具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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三维地震资料在古应力场反演和裂缝预测中的应用——以胜利油田富台潜山为例 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
针对古构造应力场反演计算中建立“古构造模型”和“约束条件”时所存在的问题,本文提出了应用三维地震资料进行古构造应力场反演的思路和方法,并以富台潜山为例,阐述了如何用三维地震资料来解决古构造应力场研究的“定时”、“定向”和“定量”问题。胜利油田富台潜山研究的实践表明:三维地震资料可以用来较好地解决古构造应力场研究中的“三定”问题,其结果的可靠性总体可以得到保障。因此,据于三维地震资料精细解释而进行的古应力场数值反演是古应力场研究的有效途径,同时也为裂缝的预测提供了基础。 相似文献
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Summary Determination of Permeability in Anisotropic Rock-Masses From Integral SamplesA method is presented which makes it possible to characterize the permeability of a rock mass as an anisotropic magnitude — i. e. to determine its permeability tensor — from a characterization of its fracturing by means of integral samples.For the purpose, a theory is developed by means of which the permeability tensor can be calculated from the attitudes and openings of the fractures and — if infillings are present — also from their coefficient of permeability. All these magnitudes are determined in integral samples, it being assumed that the sampled fractures are continuous and plane, and have the same characteristics as the section of the fractures present in the samples. Possible deviations with respect to this assumption are taken into account by means of correcting factors derived from the results of pressure tests in situ. The permeability tensor of a rock mass at a point can be determined from a single integral sample, provided this is representative of the fracturing.Results of the application of the method are presented, which show it to look very promising.With 16 Figures 相似文献
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