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A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between three different cheese packages (P1: completely polypropylene (PP), P2: tin and polyethylene (PE), and P3: carton and PE) has been carried out for the production, distribution and waste disposal (100% landfill) phase. A package for 1 kg of cheese was selected as the functional unit. SimaPro7 software (PRèConsultants, The Netherlands) was used for the LCA study. The EcoIndicator 99 method was selected for comparison of the packages. The comparisons show that the total environmental performance of the cheese package types in order from worst to best is P2, P1, and P3. This conclusion was supported by a sensitivity analysis, which was conducted by using different impact assessment methods. 相似文献
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The increase in the popularity of using environmental design criteria in town and country planning has brought about the need to fully identify the principles to determine the best location of hazardous wastes to be landfilled. This environmental management issue has received considerable attention because of its applications in urban and rural infrastructure planning, industrial development planning as well as health, housing, transportation and agricultural schemes. This paper explains a method to determine how to locate suitable sites for hazardous waste landfilling area by using the site screening study. It demonstrates how the criteria such as geology, topography, land use, climate, earthquake and other related factors can be introduced into the overlayer technique to determine the suitable site selection in a region. The research was undertaken in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (known as GAP in Turkey) region where identifying the land resources is crucial for agricultural and water management purposes. The paper also explains the validity of the method employed on the site selection process for hazardous wastes. The introduced method may enable more accurate design procedure for planning in environmental management in future. 相似文献
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Geomorphological features are essential parts of the environment and they represent an important conditioning factor for the
development and distribution of certain biological assemblages, as well as for a variety of human activities. However, environmental
geomorphology usually receives very limited or no attention at all in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA).
Nevertheless, the site selection process for hazardous wastes in environmental impact studies for individual projects plays
an essential role. In order to determine the most suitable site in a region for municipal/hazardous wastes, several criteria
are used, including geology, groundwater condition, climate, and land use. The present work describes a methodology taking
advantage of environmental geomorphological features, and reducing these criteria in the site selection procedure in land
disposal of waste; in addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The
validity of the adopted site screening method is explained. This methodology comprises the use of a single geomorphological
map to locate suitable landfilling sites for hazardous waste, instead of using separate maps for geological features, climatic
features (temperature, precipitation, and speed and direction of the prevailing wind), slope and erosion. Furthermore, the
present study is compared with a previous study performed in the GAP region, where the use of land resources is crucial for
agricultural and water management purposes. The application of the described selection process and the verified method in
this region shows that the adopted method and detailed criteria are valid. 相似文献
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