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The dynamic characteristics and migration of a pyramid dune 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
TAO WANG WEIMIN ZHANG ZHIBAO DONG JIANJUN QU ZHEFAN JING WANFU WANG JIANMIN FENG 《Sedimentology》2005,52(3):429-440
The results of wind tunnel experiments and field observations show that when the intersection angle between airflow direction and dune crest (ridge) line is > 30°, a reverse vortex is formed. Because of the convergence of sand streams from the windward and lee slopes at the crest, sand accumulates in the crestal region, causing vertical growth. Nevertheless, studies also show that the common asymmetry of the two slopes of a dune may significantly influence the evolution of arms of a pyramid dune. The migration rates of pyramid dunes are mediated by the interplay of their arms moving transversely and the vertical growth in response to the variations in wind regimes. Comparing the effects of airflow transverse to a given arm with longitudinal airflow, it is indicated that the transverse airflow is more significant in controlling the arms of pyramid dunes. The whole body of the studied pyramid dune, particularly the upper quarter section, migrated SE direction during the monitoring period. The patterns of wind erosion and deposition change alternately with seasonal variations in wind directions. The W, NE and SE sides undergo constant erosion, deposition and both erosion and deposition, respectively. The results of long-term monitoring of a pyramid dune show that southerly winds, resulting from a local circulation, markedly affect the transverse migration of the whole pyramid dune. 相似文献
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金字塔沙丘地表气流场及其动力学过程研究 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
沙丘沉积构造指示及风洞实验结果表明：莫高窟顶金字塔沙丘形成于３组风向条件下（ＮＥ、ＳＷ及ＮＷ）,是链状沙丘的一种变形、分离形式。从沙丘形态特征分析,三面体金字塔沙丘及其它复杂沙丘类型（线形、格状、多面体金字塔沙丘）之间存在某种内在本质的联系。即多信风条件下产生的风向组合,通过主、副脊（梁）的不同形式发育组合过程,形成适应于地表气流的地貌形态。同时认为：沙丘沉积构造及风洞实验相结合的综合研究比以往单一过程研究更为全面、系统、深刻。 相似文献
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基于建立在莫高窟窟顶的密闭拱棚,通过监测棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度,对极干旱地区典型极干旱气候条件下土壤与大气水分的相互影响进行综合分析。棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度的监测结果表明,在热动力作用下存在地下水分向大气输送的过程,其原因主要是在温度作用下土壤结合水分的分解蒸发与土壤盐分的吸湿吸附的交替作用。这也是形成所谓“土壤凝结水分”与“土壤水分呼吸”的根源。当温度升高时,土壤结合水分分解蒸发“呼出”水分,当温度降低时土壤盐分吸湿吸附,“吸入”大气水分,形成土壤与大气不对称水分交流。称质量实验表明：土壤水分的变化与空气温度的变化完全对应;有深层水分支持的土壤吸收大气水分的能力相对较差。极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响研究结果能为莫高窟珍贵文物的保护提供参考。 相似文献
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环境因子对洞窟水分蒸发有重要影响.在敦煌莫高窟72窟蒸发水分的收集过程中,通过对窟内温度和湿度的控制,分析窟内温湿度对水分蒸发的影响及作用机理,并根据围岩水分蒸发机理,探讨影响水分蒸发的外部环境因子.结果表明,洞窟2.0℃的温度变化即可对水分蒸发产生显著影响,短期内蒸发量可增大1倍以上.温度高、蒸发量大,可导致窟内相对湿度增加,因此目前全球性的气温升高对洞窟文物将产生不利影响.敦煌地区降雨量的增加增大了空气潮湿过程激活壁画盐分的可能.莫高窟所处的地理位置、地热、地形结构、围岩孔隙度和洞窟结构本身对围岩水分蒸发有重要影响.本文从环境因素揭示了莫高窟壁画能够保存至今的关键原因,为今后洞窟文物的更好保护提供了新思路. 相似文献
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Lichenometric dating represents a quick and affordable surface exposure dating method that has been widely used to provide a minimum age constraint on tectonic and geomorphic landscape changes as well as buildings and anthropogenic landscape changes in various settings during the late Holocene. Despite its widespread usage, this method has several limitations. Major problems relate to the sampling of lichen population on any given rock surface and the modeling of growth curves. In order to overcome these issues, it has been suggested to subdivide the rock surface into some areas and measure the largest lichen thallus on each one. However, how to express the data in terms of a probability distribution function and link it to an age of last exposure of the rock surface are still a matter of debate. Here, we propose a novel approach to the modeling of lichen growth curves by treating lichen growth as a continuous-time Markov process with a time-varying rate and additive Brownian noise. Given the growth rates, the probability distribution of the lichen population at any time can then be obtained by solving the Fokker–Planck equation. This method is illustrated using a dataset from the Huashan area of eastern China, which consists of measurements of the largest thalli on 12 rock surfaces of known age. We first build up the probability distribution of the lichen population for each rock surface based on extreme value theory and then use these to optimize the growth curve by minimizing the Jensen–Shannon divergence. A new method is also proposed to use the growth curve to map a sample of size data from an undated rock surface to the calendar age domain so as to yield a fully probabilistic estimate of the exposure age of the undated rock surface rather than a point estimate. 相似文献
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采用2018年敦煌莫高窟第16窟窟内与窟区PM10浓度及气象数据,分析PM10时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）两处监测点PM10浓度主要分布在50 μg·m-3以下,受重污染天气影响较小;春、冬、秋、夏季依次降低,窟区PM10浓度在春、冬季高于窟内,夏、秋季反之。（2）PM10浓度3月最高,9月最低,5—9月窟内月均值高于窟区。PM10污染日数窟内5月最多,而窟区3、5月较多。（3）PM10浓度日变化曲线在春季和秋季呈“双峰”型,夏季和冬季呈“单峰”型。（4）在半封闭环境的洞窟内,沙尘暴发生前后,PM10浓度达到极值及恢复至原来水平的时间均滞后于窟区。（5）在不同季节PM10浓度与气温、风速和降水呈负相关。除秋季外,PM10浓度与相对湿度、气压呈正相关。（6）窟区全年主风向为ESE,在冬春两季,此风向PM10浓度最高,PM10主要来自三危山前的戈壁滩、干涸的大泉河河道以及窟前裸露的地表积尘。 相似文献
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极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于建立在莫高窟窟顶的密闭拱棚,通过监测棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度,对极干旱地区典型极干旱气候条件下土壤与大气水分的相互影响进行综合分析。棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度的监测结果表明,在热动力作用下存在地下水分向大气输送的过程,其原因主要是在温度作用下土壤结合水分的分解蒸发与土壤盐分的吸湿吸附的交替作用。这也是形成所谓"土壤凝结水分"与"土壤水分呼吸"的根源。当温度升高时,土壤结合水分分解蒸发"呼出"水分,当温度降低时土壤盐分吸湿吸附,"吸入"大气水分,形成土壤与大气不对称水分交流。称质量实验表明:土壤水分的变化与空气温度的变化完全对应;有深层水分支持的土壤吸收大气水分的能力相对较差。极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响研究结果能为莫高窟珍贵文物的保护提供参考。 相似文献
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戈壁输沙量与输沙势的定量关系一直是风沙地貌及风沙工程的关键科学问题之一。对莫高窟顶戈壁输沙量的长期监测（2008年5月至2009年4月）结果表明,窟顶戈壁输沙势为129VU,窟顶北侧的总输沙量约905 kg·m-1左右。其中,偏东风输沙量达500 kg·m-1,偏西风输沙量达320 kg·m-1。当风速大于11 m·s-1时,戈壁风沙发生长距离的输送,偏西风可将265 kg·m-1的沙量输送到窟区,偏东风可将410 kg·m-1的沙量吹回到鸣沙山。根据本区偏东风强盛,且偏东风戈壁输沙量大于偏西风输沙量的特点,提出了以固为主,输导结合的莫高窟风沙防治的主导思路。认为在窟顶构建一个既能阻截沙物质,又能对阻截的沙物质进行输导的人工戈壁床面是完全可行的。 相似文献