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1.
根据西藏纳木错及邻区发现的多处湖岸阶地和高位湖相沉积,确定了藏北高原古大湖的存在。水准测量表明,在纳木错沿岸发育了6级湖岸阶地,以及拔湖48～139.2m的高位湖相沉积;在拔湖26m以下,发育有8～30条湖岸堤;一条明显的湖蚀凹槽则集中出现在拔湖17.5～19.8m的高度上,与纳木错和仁错的分水垭口的高度相当。纳木错沿岸和邻区湖相或湖滨相沉积物的铀系年龄测定表明,高位湖相沉积形成于115.9～71.8kaB.P.的晚更新世早期;第6至第2级阶地形成于53.7～28.2kaB.P.的晚更新世中晚期;与湖蚀凹槽相当的湖滨相沉积则稍早于29.3kaB.P.;第2至第1级阶地,14C测定结果为2350～10390aB.P.。 相似文献
2.
根据野外水准测量与室内实验分析，本文探讨了西藏纳木错和藏北高原古大湖晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁。在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下，发育了6级湖岸阶地，拔湖48-139．2m发育有高位湖相沉积。研究表明，纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段：①116-37ka B．P．间的古大湖期；②37-30ka B．P．间的外流湖期；③30kaB．P．以来的纳木错期。在古大湖阶段，包括纳木错、色林错和扎日南木错、当惹雍错等藏北高原东南部的一大批现代大、中、小型湖泊，都是互相连通的一个古大湖，其范围可能超过了现代的藏北内、外流(怒江)水系的分水岭。它或许还与藏北高原南部和西部的其他古湖相连，成为统一的藏北高原“古大湖”。通过对纳木错湖相沉积形成时代与深海氧同位素对比，易溶盐、pH值、地球化学、介形类和孢粉分析等的综合研究发现，湖相沉积记录了自晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁信息。资料显示古大湖期湖面最高，气候温和清爽；外流湖期湖面急剧下降，气温和湿度较现今略高；纳木错期以来气候经历了全新世最宜期的暖湿后日益干旱化，气温波动，湖面持续下降。表明自晚更新世以来该区气候在逐渐变干的总趋势的基础上，经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。 相似文献
3.
Hydrological variations on the Central Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum and their teleconnection to inter‐regional and hemispheric climate variations 
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ShiQiao Zhou 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):430-435
Tibetan lake levels are sensitive to global change, and their variations have a large impact on the environment, local agriculture and animal husbandry practices. While many remote sensing data of Tibetan lake level changes have been reported, few are from in-situ measurements. This note presents the first in-situ lake level time series of the central Tibetan Plateau. Since 2005, daily lake level observations have been performed at Lake Nam Co, one of the largest on the Tibetan Plateau. The interannual lake level variations show an overall increasing trend from 2006 to 2014, a rapid decrease from 2014 to 2017, and a surge from 2017 to 2018. The annual average lake level of the hydrological year (May-April) rose 66 cm from 2006 to 2014, dropped 59 cm from 2014 to 2017, and increased 20 cm from 2017 to 2018, resulting in a net rise of 27 cm or an average rate of about 2 cm per year. Compared to the annual average lake level based on the calendar year, it is better to use the annual average lake level based on the hydrological year to determine the interannual lake level changes. As the lake level was stable in May, it is appropriate to compare May lake levels when examining interannual lake level changes with fewer data. Overall, remote sensing results agree well with the in-situ lake level observations; however, some significant deviations exist. In the comparable 2006-2009 period, the calendar-year average lake level observed in-situ rose by 10-11 cm per year, which is lower than the ICESat result of 18 cm per year. 相似文献
5.
Elsa DaCosta 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):190-206
Central Vi?t Nam is one of the most vulnerable areas in the country to natural disasters. In 1985 a major typhoon hit the Tam Giang Lagoon coastal area in the province of Th?a Tiên-Hu?, Central Vi?t Nam, with severe impacts on the sampan dwellers who lived there on boats and fished for their livelihoods. Since then, the government has attempted to resettle them on land in order to decrease their vulnerability to such events. Consequently, this process has changed the livelihood options as well as the social networks of the sampan dwellers. This study of the resettlement village of Th?y ?i?n analyses the social networks and different forms of social capital being utilised by the resettled sampan dwellers as part of their changing livelihoods and questions whether the social capital formed will indeed lead to a long term decrease in vulnerability. It is found that while bonding and linking social capital have been newly formed, the trust required for bridging social capital formation is still missing, and this in turn is hindering the possibilities of sustainable livelihood formation. 相似文献
6.
Many lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) experienced dramatic lake level changes in the late Quaternary, as suggested by well-preserved paleo-shorelines up to ∼200 m above present lake levels. These relic shorelines provide direct geomorphic record to reconstruct past lake level fluctuation history and water volume changes, linked closely to variations in paleo-climatic controls including Asian monsoon, westerlies and glacial meltwater. In this study, 27 near-shore sediment samples from three of eight paleo-shorelines at north of Nam Co were dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) technique, using coarse grains of quartz and potassium feldspar.Our results indicate that: 1) S1 is the highest/most developed shoreline (+26 m). Sediment from upper part of S1 has a consistent age of ∼25 ka (nine samples from 3 gullies), suggesting a high lake level of Nam Co occurred around 25 ka. An overflow point west of Nam Co has a close elevation to that of S1 and thus limits the presence of higher lake levels; 2) sediment profile from the slightly lower S2 (+22 m) contains two parts, silty sand (6.9–8.9 ka) at the bottom and shoreline deposits atop (∼2.3 ka), suggesting Nam Co maintained a relative high lake level in the early Holocene and such lake level occurred again at about 3.0–2.0 ka; 3) In contrast to the swift variations of monsoon precipitation and glacial meltwater in the late Quaternary, water level of Nam Co remained relatively stable during the period from ∼25 ka to about early Holocene (from +26 m to +22 m), implying a continuous outflowing stage and lake infill constantly exceeds evaporation; 4) S5 (+11 m) has an age of 0.7–1.4 ka. Nam Co showed a much accelerated pace of shrinkage since about 2.0 ka in the late Holocene in roughly two steps: it dropped from +22 m to +11 m from ∼2.0 ka to 1.4 ka, and subsequently dropped another 11 m after 0.7 ka. 相似文献
7.
利用中国科学院青藏高原研究所纳木错多圈层综合观测研究站在念青唐古拉峰扎当冰川垭口(30.47°N、90.65°E,5800m)和纳木错站(30.77°N、90.99°E,4730m)的逐日平均气温、相对湿度、气压等资料,与同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进行了对比分析,讨论了再分析资料在纳木错流域湖泊/冰川区气候变化研究中的适用性.结果表明:扎当冰川垭口和纳木错站气压再分析资料的可信度好于气温,相对湿度稍差:扎当冰川垭口气压和相对湿度再分析值与实测值的差值在冬季偏大,夏季偏小,气温则相反.在研究期间,总体上再分析资料在冰川区的可信度好于湖泊区,再分析资料能很好地反映该地区地面气压、气温和相对湿度的日变化特征,在应用到该地区气候变化的研究时应考虑地形的影响. 相似文献
8.
8.4 ka 以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对青藏高原中南部纳木错长332cm的NMLC1孔湖芯研究发现,沉积物的介形类动物群计有6属15种。介形类属种生态特征和组合变化分析表明这些介形类对环境条件具有敏感性,其组合能够很好地反映过去环境变化的特征。结果表明,8．4ka以来具有三个不同的环境变化时期：早期在8400～6800aBP,湖泊由浅向深发展,环境具有相对冷湿的特征：中期在6800～2500aBP,湖泊深度逐渐加大,环境经历了暖湿-冷湿-冷干的变化．其中由冷湿向冷干的转化奠定了纳木错现今环境条件的基础：晚期在2500--9aBP,湖泊深度继续增加,这个时期的较早阶段,继续保持了前一时期的冷干特点,但湖水盐度可能开始增加．较晚阶段的冷干化加剧,陆面流水的活跃性大大降低。研究发现,纳木错NMLC1钻孔介形类黑色壳体的高峰值与介形类的最大生产量相一致,并且与沉积水动力条件增强相适应．指示了这些黑壳的产生与介形类的大量繁殖处于同一阶段．并且主要为异地搬运为主。钻孔中出现大量Candona幼虫壳体．其原因可能与沉积环境的水动力条件迅速改变有关。 相似文献
9.
Based upon the 1970 aero-photo topographic map, and TM/ETM satellite images taken in 1991 and 2000, the authors artificially interpreted boundaries of lake and glaciers in Nam Co Catchment, and quantified lake-glacier area variations in different stages by “inte-grated method” with the support of GIS. Results show that from 1970 to 2000, lake area in-creased from 1942.34 km2 to 1979.79 km2 at a rate of 1.27 km2/a, while glacier area de-creased from 167.62 km2 to 141.88 km2 at a rate of 0.86 km2/a. The increasing rate of lake in 1991–2000 was 1.76 km2/a that was faster than 1.03 km2/a in 1970–1991, while in the same period of time, the shrinking rates of glaciers were 0.97 km2/a and 0.80 km2/a respectively. Important factors, relevant to lake and glacier response to the climate, such as air tempera-ture, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and their values in warm and cold seasons, were discussed. The result suggests that temperature increasing is the main reason for the accelerated melting of glaciers. Lake expansion is mainly induced by the increase of the gla-cier melting water, increase of precipitation and obvious decrease of potential evapotranspi-ration. Precipitation, evaporation and their linkages with lake enlargement on regional scale need to be thoroughly studied under the background of global warming and glacier retreating. 相似文献
10.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh Tomochika TokunagaNeil R. Goulty Hoang Phuoc SonMai Van Binh 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):973-979
The results presented in this paper are the first published estimates of the complete stress tensor in the Cuu Long and Nam Con Son basins, offshore Vietnam. We analysed in situ stress and pore pressure fields in the sedimentary formations using data from petroleum exploration and production wells to evaluate the stress state in these basins. The data were obtained from the seafloor to 4300 m burial depth and include both hydrostatic and overpressured sections. Minimum horizontal stresses were obtained from extended leak-off tests and mini-fracture tests. Maximum horizontal stresses were estimated from drilling-induced fracture parameters and borehole breakout widths in twelve wells using rock properties measured in the laboratory or estimated empirically from wireline logs. Seven data points are located in sediments, and seventeen data points in igneous basement rocks at depths greater than 3000 m.The estimated magnitudes of σH are 70-110% of the σv magnitudes. Considering the errors in the stress magnitude estimates, their relative magnitudes suggest that a borderline normal/strike-slip stress regime presently exists in normally pressured sequences of the Nam Con Son and Cuu Long basins. Of the twenty-four data points, twenty have effective stress ratios at a critical stress state for faulting on the assumption that there are faults present that are optimally oriented for failure with friction coefficients of ∼0.5. The results suggest that the stress state in these basins is generally critical. 相似文献