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1.
Environmental and health risk assessment in abandoned mining area, Zlata Idka, Slovakia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Zlata Idka village is a typical mountainous settlement. As a consequence of more than 500 years of mining activity, its environment has been extensively affected by pollution from potentially toxic elements. This paper presents the results of an environmental-geochemical and health research in the Zlata Idka village, Slovakia. Geochemical analysis indicates that arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are enriched in soils, groundwater, surface water and stream sediments. The average As and Sb contents are 892 mg/kg and 818 mg/kg in soils, 195 mg/kg and 249 mg/kg in stream sediments, 0.028 mg/l and 0.021 mg/l in groundwater and 0.024 mg/l and 0.034 mg/l in surface water. Arsenic and Sb concentrations exceed upper permissible limits in locally grown vegetables. Within the epidemiological research the As and Sb contents in human tissues and fluids have been observed (blood, urine, nails and hair) in approximately one third of the village’s population (120 respondents). The average As and Sb concentrations were 16.3 μg/l and 3.8 μg/l in blood, 15.8 μg/l and 18.8 μg/l in urine, 3,179 μg/kg and 1,140 μg/kg in nails and 379 μg/kg and 357 μg/kg in hair. These concentrations are comparatively much higher than the average population. Health risk calculations for the ingestion of soil, water, and vegetables indicates a very high carcinogenic risk (>1/1,000) for as content in soil and water. The hazard quotient [HQ=average daily dose (ADD)/reference dose (RfD)] calculation method indicates a HQ>1 for groundwater As and Sb concentrations. 相似文献
2.
Márian Urban Rainer Thomas Vratislav Hurai Patrik Koneèný Martin Chovan 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,40(8):867-873
CO2 inclusions with density up to 1,197 kg m−3 occur in quartz–stibnite veins hosted in the low-grade Palaeozoic basement of the Gemericum tectonic unit in the Western Carpathians. Raman microanalysis corroborated CO2 as dominant gas species accompanied by small amounts of nitrogen (<7.3 mol%) and methane (<2.5 mol%). The superdense CO2 phase exsolved from an aqueous bulk fluid at temperatures of 183–237°C and pressures between 1.6 and 3.5 kbar, possibly up to 4.5 kbar. Low thermal gradients (∼12–13°C km−1) and the CO2–CH4–N2 fluid composition rule out a genetic link with the subjacent Permian granites and indicate an external, either metamorphogenic (oxidation of siderite, dedolomitization) or lower crustal/mantle, source of the ore-forming fluids.According to microprobe U–Pb–Th dating of monazite, the stibnite-bearing veins formed during early Cretaceous thrusting of the Gemeric basement over the adjacent Veporic unit. The 15- to 18-km depth of burial estimated from the fluid inclusion trapping PT parameters indicates a 8- to 11-km-thick Upper Palaeozoic–Jurassic accretionary complex overlying the Gemeric basement and its Permo-Triassic autochthonous cover. 相似文献
3.
Peter Malik 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):707-711
Hydrograph analyses of groundwater depletion process in the spring were used for estimation of karstification degree and groundwater
sensitivity to pollution in the whole catchment area. Differences of individual depletion hydrographs enable assessment of
the anticipated extent of absorption, attenuation and self-purification processes during the groundwater penetration through
the rock environment between its infiltration and its outflow in the spring. The method was applied in the SW part of the
Velka Fatra Mountains (Slovakia) “Tlsta” hydrogeological structure. In total, 209 individual recession curves from 20 gauged
springs were analyzed. Depending on characteristic groundwater depletion hydrographs with independent sub-regimes, categories
of groundwater sensitivity to pollution were defined. Finally, resulting sensitivities to pollution were linked to lithostratigraphical
units in the area. 相似文献
4.
O. Franko 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):215-218
Slovakia has very rich sources of mineral and thermal waters. One of the warmest is located in Piešt'any. Its discharge rate
is 40 l/s; it is Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO3-Cl type with T.D.S. 1.4 g/l, H2S 10 mg/l and temperature 68 °C. The waters seep on the spa island, which lies between the river Váh and its branch. The
characteristics of the water and mud predestine the existence of this great spa in Slovakia. Its reputation is based on the
treatment of rheumatic and neurological disesases.
Received: 15 November 1996 · Accepted: 13 January 1998 相似文献
5.
Spis Castle, a monument included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list (Eastern Slovakia) is built on a travertine mound overlying soft Paleogene rocks. Lateral spreading resulting from the subsidence of strong upper travertine into soft claystone strata has fractured and separated the castle rock into several cliffs. The differential movement of individual cliff faces is the primary influence on the stability of the monument. In order to monitor and quantify the movement, two techniques were adopted: a mechanical-optical TM-71 crack gauge and a demec gauge (demountable mechanical—SOMET type crack gauge). This paper presents the results and interpretation of medium and short-term monitoring at the site. 相似文献
6.
Soil erosion is a complex process determined by mutual interaction of numerous factors. The aim of erosion research at regional scales is a general evaluation of the landscape susceptibility to soil erosion by water, taking into account the main factors influencing this process. One of the key factors influencing the susceptibility of a region to soil erosion is land cover. Natural as well as human-induced changes of landscape may result in both the diminishment and acceleration of soil erosion. Recent studies of land-cover changes indicate that during the last decade more than 4.11% of Slovak territory has changed. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of land-cover and crop rotation changes over the 1990–2000 period on the intensity and spatial pattern of soil erosion in Slovakia. The assessment is based on principles defined in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) modified for application at regional scale and the use of the CORINE land cover (CLC) databases for 1990 and 2000. The C factor for arable land has been refined using statistical data on the mean crop rotation and the acreage of particular agricultural crops in the districts of Slovakia. The L factor has been calculated using sample areas with parcels identified by LANDSAT TM data. The results indicate that the land-cover and crop rotation changes had a significant influence on soil erosion pattern predominately in the hilly and mountainous parts of Slovakia. The pattern of soil erosion changes exhibits high spatial variation with overall slightly decreased soil erosion risks. These changes are associated with ongoing land ownership changes, changing structure of crops, deforestation and afforestation. 相似文献
7.
The chemical composition of water samples was studied from different caves in Slovakia. The water samples were collected from caves of two karst regions: (1) the Demänovský Cave System (DCS), situated in the Low Tatra Mountains (Northern Slovakia), which is mainly formed of limestone and dolomites; and (2) the Slovakian Karst to the Southeast is formed of limestone. A considerable difference between water from the two regions was shown. The waters from the DCS, that were controlled by vadose water percolating through different types of host rocks, contained more Mg ions than those from the Slovakian Karst caves whereas, the concentration of SO4 was controlled by the dissolution of displacive gypsum and/or oxidation of pyrite. The distribution of NO3 in the studied samples was random, hence nitrates probably derived from few pollution sources. The total mineralization of the water was covariant with calcite and aragonite saturation indices. In general, both parameters are higher in the Slovakian Karst caves than in the DCS. It is controlled probably by differences in climatic conditions, soil and plant covers between these two regions. The main goal of this article is to characterize the major-ion water chemistry within the studied caves as well as some microelements. The results have confirmed the dominant role of the bedrock petrography in forming the general chemistry of cave waters. 相似文献
8.
M. Fendekova Z. Zenisova P. Nemethy M. Fendek Z. Makisova S. Kupcova R. Flakova 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(8):1029-1039
The main goal of the research was a detailed study of the consequences, caused by groundwater abstraction in the Neresnica
brook catchment (Slovak Republic) since the water supply source Podzamcok was put in operation in 1973. This goal was supplemented
by research of groundwater origin, groundwater chemical composition and its changes. Field measurements, analyses of water
samples and statistical evaluation of hydrometeorological data were used to gain and process the data. It was showed that
overexploitation of groundwater in the catchment resulted in distinct diminishing of stream flow discharges in low flow periods,
groundwater level dropping and disturbance of hydraulic connection between surface and groundwater. Groundwater quality was
quite stable during the whole period of observation. Groundwater modeling was proposed to be used for the re-estimation of
utilizable groundwater amounts in the catchment. 相似文献
9.
Fiona Simpson 《GeoJournal》2000,50(2-3):127-131
Ethnic minorities are facing increasing problems of social exclusion in Central and Eastern Europe. The complex nature of
the transition from socialism means that the institutional framework to support them is still being established. Whilst non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) have a crucial role to play in promoting a more inclusive society, through improving access to local
democratic structures for otherwise excluded groups and acting as fora for improved community participation throughout the
region, their development remains fraught with problems. Examination of the experiences of one such organisation, ETNO Agentura
based in northern Slovakia, provides an insight into the problems and opportunities arising as community representatives work
together to provide social support for ethnic minorities. The paper outlines key issues arising from the case of ETNO Agentura,
including difficulty in gaining access to supporting finance and securing long term financial viability, the lack of institutional
capacity of local authorities to become receptive to their views, and implicit socio-cultural barriers to ethnic minority
representation in community participation processes. Developing a fuller understanding of these problems and the measures
required to overcome them is a central part of establishing a more effective role for NGOs within post socialist societies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Introduction According to the definition of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), natural hazards are naturally-occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events having atmospheric, geologic and hydrologic origins on solar, global, regional, national and local scales. They include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis, floods and drought. Natural hazards must not automatically cause disasters (UNESCO 2005). … 相似文献