Kuiper带小天体动力演化     

周济林  周礼勇  孙义燧 《天文研究与技术》2003,(1):76-81

Kuiper带是指太阳系内位于离太阳 30～ 50AU一个区域。 1 992年该区域陆续发现了一群半径在几十到几百公里的小天体。这些小天体在Kuiper带的分布是极其不均匀的。Kuiper带小天体的发现对人们认识太阳系的形成与演化有重要的意义。本文回顾了近年来国际上在Kuiper带小天体动力演化方面的研究 ,着重分析了目前国际上几种用以解释其非均匀分布的动力学机制 ,并提出目前该领域的一些尚未解决的问题。  相似文献   

对虾雄性交接器联合缘上小钩的研究     

童保福 《海洋科学》1991,15(3):31-35

本文通过扫描电镜的观察,研究了对虾科中5个属10种虾的雄性交接器联合缘上的小钩,对小钩的形态特征及小钩的机能进行了分析和描述。研究表明,小钩的研究将为对虾形态分类工作提供新的参考依据。  相似文献   

Timing effects on the fragmentation of small scale blocks of granodiorite     

P. D. Katsabanis  A. Tawadrous  C. Braun  C. Kennedy 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(1):83-93

A series of small scale tests, simulating multi-hole blasts have been performed to establish the effect of delays on blast fragmentation. The blasts were performed in high quality granodiorite blocks, which were cut from stone prepared by dimensional stone quarry operations. The pattern used was equilateral triangular, with a distance of 10.2 cm between boreholes, which had a diameter of 11 mm, were loaded with detonating cord and the coupling medium was water. The delays used were achieved using different lengths of detonating cord for the cases of delays between 0 and 100 μs between holes and a sequential blasting machine firing seismic detonators for larger delays up to 4 ms. All fragments were collected and screened. The experiments showed that the worst fragmentation was achieved with simultaneous initiation of all charges. Fragmentation improved with the delay time between holes up to 1 ms between holes. If the experiments are scaled up, the results show that in granodiorite, fragmentation optimization requires delays of few milliseconds per metre of burden. The findings, agree with previously published work, involving larger scale experiments and other rock types.  相似文献   

Mongolian gerbils and Daurian pikas responded differently to changes in precipitation in the Inner Mongolian grasslands     

G. Wang  W. Zhong 《Journal of Arid Environments》2006,66(4):648-656

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian pikas (Ochotona dauurica) are two key small mammal species in the Inner Mongolian grasslands, China. Mongolian gerbils displayed density-dependent population growth, but the time lag of density dependence was short and within season. The spring–autumn population growth rate was inversely related to population density in Mongolian gerbils of the Erdos desert grasslands. The autumn–spring population growth rate of Mongolian gerbils was inversely related to winter precipitation. Precipitation had stronger effects on the population growth of gerbils during the non-breeding season. The monthly population growth rate of Daurian pikas was positively related to the monthly precipitation and was inversely related to population density in central Inner Mongolia. Daurian pikas select habitats with tall plants. Increased precipitation enhances plant production and increases the height of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. This enhancement of plant height might increase the population growth of Daurian pikas. Mongolian gerbils live in short grasslands. Increased winter precipitation might result in higher winter mortality of Mongolia gerbils, or taller plants might supress gerbil population growth in wet years. Therefore, responses of small mammal species to changes in precipitation depend on the life history of small mammals and changes in vegetation induced by climatic changes.  相似文献   

Small-Mammal Data on Early and Middle Holocene Climates and Biotic Communities in the Bonneville Basin, USA     

Dave N. Schmitt  David B. Madsen  Karen D. Lupo 《Quaternary Research》2002,58(3):255

Archaeological investigations in Camels Back Cave, western Utah, recovered a series of small-mammal bone assemblages from stratified deposits dating between ca. 12,000 and 500 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The cave's early Holocene fauna includes a number of species adapted to montane or mesic habitats containing grasses and/or sagebrush (e.g., Lepus townsendii, Marmota flaviventris, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and Brachylagus idahoensis) which suggest that the region was relatively cool and moist until after 8800 ¹⁴C yr B.P. Between ca. 8600 and 8100 ¹⁴C yr B.P. these mammals became locally extinct, taxonomic diversity declined, and there was an increase in species well-adapted to xeric, low-elevation habitats, including ground squirrels, Lepus californicus and Neotoma lepida. The early small-mammal record from Camels Back Cave is similar to the 11,300–6000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. mammalian sequence from Homestead Cave, northwestern Utah, and provides corroborative data on Bonneville Basin paleoenvironments and mammalian responses to middle Holocene desertification.  相似文献   

山东苍山5.2级地震前地震活动特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘希强  周焕鹏 《地震》1997,17(2):169-174

从小震活动的时空分布以测震学参数的变化出发，分析了苍山地震前地震活动的异常特下，研究结果表明，苍山５．２级地震前出现了地震活动的图像和几种中，短期测震学参数，异常，但无明显短临信息的前震活动。  相似文献   

Mechanism of loading on plates due to explosive detonation     

W. L. Fourney  U. Leiste  R. Bonenberger  D. J. Goodings 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(4):205-217

This paper investigates the various mechanisms and parameters that are responsible for delivering impulse to a vehicle that is unfortunate enough to detonate a buried mine. Small scale tests are used to examine the effects of air blast or ejected sand in imparting impulse to a plate that is located above the surface of the saturated soil that contains the explosive. Parameters such as confinement, stand off distance, depth of burial of the explosive, density of the soil, and saturation level of the soil are also examined.  相似文献   

Spatialising the Melanesian Canarium industry: Understanding economic upgrading in an emerging industry among three Pacific small island states     

《Geoforum》2016

This paper examines economic upgrading in the Canarium indicum (Canarium) nut industry in Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Canarium is a tree that is indigenous to Melanesia, and has been the subject of several commercialisation attempts since 1988. The paper assesses the outcomes to various actors in the Canarium supply chain from attempts to upgrade industry products and processes by: (1) increasing the available resource in suitable locations; (2) improving nut products and processing techniques; (3) increasing actors’ knowledge and supply chain coordination; and (4) establishing product standards. A two-phase data generation process was implemented. Document analysis and participant observations of industry workshops initiated a set of four economic upgrading interventions that were adaptively implemented. A second stage of workshops and 76 interviews enabled outcomes to be assessed at the project’s end. Findings suggest that a small number of urban-based entrepreneurs benefit and subsequently are lead actors in industry development, but at the expense of benefits being distributed to a larger, more spatially disparate group of smallholder and small commercial growers. These economic upgrading outcomes are circumscribed by core-periphery relations in Pacific small island states and the scale of industry in each country. Thus, spatial inequalities are reproduced through the emerging Canarium industries. We argue that different routes to industry development are required in each country. Development initiatives that capitalise on the benefits of micro-enterprise clusters, joint action and regional institutional arrangements are proposed to overcome the impediments imposed by the particular geographies of Pacific island states.  相似文献   

川滇地区小震群活动与中强地震     

雷素华 《地震研究》1988,(2)

本文对川滇地区自有地方台,网建立以来的21年间记录到的239次小震群进行了研究,发现Ms≥6.7级的强震绝大多数都发生在小震群年频度增高的背景上。并引用了归一化熵值K作为衡量震群序列中能量分布均匀度的特征量,分析了不同K值的震群与中强震发生的对应关系,发现K≥0.8的震群发生与Ms≥5.5的中强震发生的对应率为59.3%;虚报率为40.7%;漏报率约占14%。K<0.8的震群发生满足无震条件的约占56%。以上结果表明,用归一化熵值K≥0.8来区别前兆震群与一般震群,结果没有华北地区的那样显著。在川滇地区,要将所对应的强震震级提高到6.5级,结果才比较好。  相似文献   

小流域水沙耦合模拟概念模型^*   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

包为民 《地理研究》1995,14(2):27-34

小流域水沙耦合模拟概念模型,采用文献[1]、[2]和[4]中提出的概念性坡面产沙、沟蚀产沙、坡面汇沙、沟道汇沙和格林-安普特下渗曲线结构,结合水文学中的概念性汇流计算方法,构成了一个完整的、具有明确物理意义的流域水流、泥沙耦合模拟模型.该模型结构简单,经子洲试验站团山沟三试验场和蛇家沟、团山沟、水旺沟三试验小流域实测资料的模拟检查表明,模型结构合理、效果较好,适合于黄土地区流域.  相似文献