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1.
世纪交替之际 ,在信息社会和新经济条件下 ,我国测绘事业要发挥更大作用 ,必须抓住机遇 ,深化改革 ,以适应国家经济与社会发展的要求 ,仅就深化改革这一主题提出一些看法。 相似文献
2.
Antonio A.R. Ioris 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(3):335-350
The contingent relation between water governance and nature neoliberalization has defined most interventions in the water sector around the world in recent years. In the case of the Peruvian capital Lima, the provision of water and sanitation services in the last two decades has been the object of investments and institutional reforms strongly influenced by economic neoliberalism. This essay examines the evolution of these neoliberalizing tendencies, noting the internal disputes, necessary adjustments and underlying problems of water sufficiency in the metropolitan region. The empirical results suggest that, rather than a straightforward process, the neoliberalization of water in Lima has advanced according to political opportunities and technico‐operational constraints. The water reforms implemented in the 1990s – when the goal of privatization met political opposition – can be contrasted with the more recent phase in the 2000s, when more flexible mechanisms, such as public‐private partnerships, have facilitated public acceptance. Despite the renovation of the infrastructure, the modernization of the water sector has failed to address persistent water management problems, namely the discriminatory treatment of low income residents, the chaotic expansion of the metropolitan area and the risk of future water shortages. 相似文献
3.
Godwin Masuka 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2013,34(1):103-119
The paper examines the relations between seed cotton buyers in Zimbabwe's deregulated cotton sector. It draws upon interviews with officials from cotton companies to expose the disagreements and lack of cooperation among them over side marketing of contracted seed cotton and in maintaining common industry standards. In this context, the paper discusses cotton sector reforms spearheaded by some industry stakeholders aimed to address problems in the cotton sector. Despite the companies’ official agreement to the draft reforms of 2004, there were simmering tensions and disputes that strained relations among them. The government's unwillingness to intervene and provide coordination exacerbated problems in the cotton sector. Further, the paper highlights the contradictions in neo‐liberal reforms that seek to promote competitive agricultural markets, and argue against state intervention and strong regulation of markets. It argues that there is a need to reconceptualize the role of the state in some predatory and developing countries that liberalized agricultural markets because of the multiple and uneven effects of the lack of regulation and absence of institutions in the private sector. 相似文献
4.
Shen Bing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):97-103
While China’s economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has
been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China’s deepening openness and structural
reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative
analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth
and China’s openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up
of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence
of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s. The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the
coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal
region was benefited by China’s openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned
enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression
results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative
of the "West Region Development Strategy" and offer some policy implications for China.
Biography: SHEN Bing (1966–), female, a native of Hebei Province, associate professor, specialized in regional economy and
urban development. E-mail: shenbing@mx.cei.gov.cn 相似文献
5.
Laurence Murphy 《GeoJournal》2004,59(2):119-126
Housing policy in New Zealand has traditionally been characterised by significant market intervention in support of home ownership
and a residual state housing rental sector. Within the context of dramatic social welfare reforms in the 1990s, a set of radical
housing reforms was introduced that profoundly transformed the role of the state in the housing system. Key elements of the
reforms included the creation of a profit-oriented company to manage state rentals, a move to market rents in the state sector
and the introduction of an accommodation supplement. This paper examines the underlying rationale and impacts of the reforms
focusing on issues of privatisation, tenant turnover, affordability and tenant protest. Having examined the ongoing problems
engendered by these reforms the paper reviews more recent political and legislative reforms that were sought to reassert the
state's traditional position within the New Zealand housing market.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Haakon Lein 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):155-162
The furrow irrigation systems of Kilimanjaro were first described by European explorers coming to the area by the end of the
19th century. Although being impressed, the German and later the British colonial powers soon came to see the system as wasteful
and in need of improvement. Despite several attempts to control water use among the ‘natives’ in the highlands, the furrow
system has remained fairly intact and still plays a key role in the local farming systems.
However, the utilisation of available water resources is still a highly controversial political issue and in this paper three
major challenges to traditional water use are discussed: (i) hydropower development, (ii) construction of large-scale irrigation
projects, and (iii) implementation of economic and institutional reforms. All this has led to renewed and intensified conflicts
over the use of water on Kilimanjaro as well as in the Pangani river.
At one level, the situation can be described as a conflict over access to a scarce resource. However, beyond this perception,
the controversies over water are also based on more fundamental ideological conflicts and competing ways of thinking about
both development and water management.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
8.
《Geoforum》2015
In most Latin American countries, issues concerning water governance and control also reflect broader conflicts over authority and legitimacy between the state and civil society. What lies behind the diverse water policy reforms is not simply a question of governing water affairs but also a drive to control or co-opt water user groups. This paper examines the efforts by the present Ecuadorian government to ‘control water users’ through new forms of ‘governmentality’ (Foucault, 1991). We use the ‘cathedral and bazaar’ metaphor (Lankford and Hepworth, 2010) to illustrate government rationale and practices in water governance shifts in the last decades. We analyze how Rafael Correa’s government sets out to reshape the relations between state, market and society. In its ‘Twenty-first Century Socialism’ project, based on a proclaimed ‘Citizen Revolution’, actual policy reform does not reverse but rather transforms the process of neoliberalizing water governance – creating a hybrid bazaar-cathedral model. We argue that the current water govermentality project implements reforms that do not challenge established market-based water governance foundations. Rather it aims to contain and undermine communities’ autonomy and ‘unruly’ polycentric rule-making, which are the result of both historical and present-day processes of change. Interestingly, water user federations that emerged during the neoliberal wave of the last two decades now claim water control space and search for new forms of democratizing water governance. They act as agents who fiercely – yet selectively and strategically – oppose both elements of the State-centered (cathedral) and market-based (bazaar) water governance models. 相似文献
9.
Gary R. Olhoeft 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(2-4)
Ground penetrating radar data is not always easy to acquire, and sometimes the acquisition may be constrained by equipment availability, weather, legal or logistical constraints, safety or access considerations. Examples of these include archaeological or geotechnical sites about to be excavated, contaminated lands undergoing remediation, hazardous areas such as unexploded ordnance lands or active volcanoes, and difficult to visit locations such as Antarctica or the surface of Mars. These situations may result in only one chance at acquiring data. Thus, the data need to be acquired, processed and modeled with the aim of maximizing the information return for the time, cost and hazard risked. This process begins by properly setting up the survey with the expectation of the site conditions but allowing for flexibility and serendipity in the unknown. Not only are radar data acquired, but also calibration, orientation, location and other required parameters describing the equipment and survey are recorded. All of these parameters are used in the processing and modeling of the data. The final results will be not just a radar image as a pseudo-cross-section, but a corrected geometric cross-section, interpreted electrical and magnetic properties of the ground, location, orientation, size and shape of subsurface objects, and composition of the ground and objects as inferred density, porosity, fluid saturation, and other relevant material occurrence properties. 相似文献
10.
SHENBing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):97-103
While China‘s economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China‘s deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China‘s openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000, The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s. The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China‘s openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the “West Region Development Strategy“ and offer some policy implications for China. 相似文献