Giant submarine landslide grooves in the Neoproterozoic/Lower Cambrian Phe Formation, northwest Himalaya: Mechanisms of formation and palaeogeographic implications     

E. Draganits  J. Schlaf  B. Grasemann  T. Argles 《Sedimentary Geology》2008,205(3-4):126-141

Giant groove casts have been found in the upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Phe Formation (Haimanta Group), a siliciclastic sandstone/shale succession in the Tethyan Zone of the Higher Himalaya tectonic unit. The grooves are among the largest linear erosion structures related to submarine mass-movements observed in the geologic record. They are up to 4 m wide, about 0.2 m deep and can be traced for more than 35 m without changing their character. The grooves are straight, subparallel to cross-cutting striations with shallow semi-circular cross-sections and well-defined superimposed minor ridges and grooves. Groove casts exist on the soles of several sandstone beds within a 73 m thick logged section, commonly associated with flute casts. Their characteristics were compared with several other types of ancient and modern submarine linear erosion structures. A sand-rich, non-channelized basin floor depositional environment is inferred from the lithofacies, the combination of sedimentary structures, the lack of coarse-grained pebbly facies, the lateral continuity of beds, and the lack of channel structures. The grooves probably formed by laminar debris flows/concentrated density flows dragging blocks of already lithified sediment across the basin floor. When the bedding is structurally rotated back to horizontal, the groove casts show consistent North–South oriented palaeocurrent trends, with South-directed palaeocurrent directions indicated by flute casts. These palaeocurrent orientations contrast with previous palaeogeographic reconstructions of this area, which propose sediment delivery from the South. We therefore suggest a new “double provenance” model for the spatial relationship of late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian strata of the Himalaya, in which Lesser and Tethyan Himalayan age-equivalent sediment was deposited in a connected basin, where the former received detritus from the South, and the latter from a hitherto unknown source in the North. One possible candidate for this northern source is the South China Block and an associated Neoproterozoic volcanic arc.  相似文献   

内蒙古五岔沟地区洮儿河流域重矿物特征分析     

刘炳辰  金秉福  王萌  王金城  刘忠诚 《世界地质》2013,32(1):69-76

五岔沟洮儿河流域重矿物的分布在不同区域表现有明显差异性: 洮儿河主流和二道桥所在支流主要重矿物为橄榄石,查干郭勒河主要重矿物为褐铁矿,额木斯台沟主要以磁铁矿为主,胡斯台沟主要以绿帘石为主。不同矿物组合和分布特征反映出该流域重矿物成熟度低,受近源物质影响显著。根据河流矿物组合,主要划分为3 个矿物区,即洮儿河主流矿物区、洮儿河东部矿物区、洮儿河西部矿物区,其中洮儿河东部矿物区金属矿物含量异常,对于寻找有用矿产提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

叠溪地震区龙池岸坡中埋藏古沟槽的空间分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许向宁  王兰生 《山地学报》2003,21(5):589-594

围绕叠溪地震区的龙池岸坡在引水隧洞施工开挖过程中多处出现沟谷相的松散堆积物这一地质现象为线索，在多次现场地质地貌调研分析的基础上，采用甚低频电磁法现场测试和RaA氡气现场测试的验证分析，阐明了龙池岸坡中埋藏古沟槽的空间分布特征，揭示岷江河谷近期演化特征，解决引水工程施工中所关心的地质问题；通过本次研究不仅对龙池岸坡的稳定性有了新的认识，而且为类似强震区的岸坡稳定性分析提供新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

南沙群岛道明群礁库归沙洲脊槽地貌定量研究     

梁鹏  张永战 《高校地质学报》2022,28(5):768-775

脊槽地貌（Spur and Groove）是现代珊瑚礁礁坪和礁前的典型地貌,其发育特征是揭示珊瑚礁形成与演化过程的重要基础,目前有关环礁各地貌带脊槽地貌形态及成因的研究仍较为薄弱。南海南沙群岛岛礁脊槽地貌发育,是进行相关研究的理想区域。本文以南沙群岛北部道明群礁东北库归沙洲的典型脊槽地貌为研究对象,基于多波束测深数据,借助小波分析和过零点分析等方法,对环礁脊槽地貌形态参数进行定量研究。结果表明：库归沙洲各地貌带脊槽发育平均起始水深为15~16 m,主要为深水脊槽,最大起始水深相差较大（达8 m）,而终止水深相似（平均为16 m左右）。脊槽高差在礁前斜坡和内礁坪为2.15 m左右,在潟湖坡为1.24 m;平均槽宽在礁前斜坡为47.30 m,在潟湖坡达54.92 m。因此,在礁前斜坡脊槽发育相对密集且高差大,潟湖坡脊槽发育相对稀疏且高差小。从礁前斜坡至潟湖坡,脊槽边坡坡度逐渐增大,由“V”型脊槽向“U”型脊槽过渡,槽谷由左倾逐渐转化为右倾。同时,在内礁坪和潟湖坡多发育次一级脊槽,“V”型和“U”型共存。与全球代表性珊瑚礁脊槽形态的对比分析表明：南海地区各环礁多发育深水脊槽,其槽宽和延伸长度的关系部分符合波浪侵蚀作用主控的“V”型脊槽的拟合直线,部分符合生物建造作用主控的“U”型脊槽的拟合直线,表明其可能受上述两个作用共同控制,不同地貌带两者相对强弱不同。同时,频繁的热带风暴的破坏作用可能也是一个要因。  相似文献