红阳煤田石炭-二叠纪含煤地层的沉积特征     

黄振裕  毛飞 《国土资源》1992,(4)

红阳煤田含煤地层太原组与山西组,是一套典型的“海陆交互相”沉积。依据剖面上沉积相序列变化特点,可划分为14个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回均含有一层煤。有二种聚煤环境:一是海水退出潮坪后形成的泥炭沼泽聚积的煤层;二是扇三角洲平原形成的泥炭沼泽聚积的煤层。  相似文献   

西秦岭温泉花岗岩体岩石学特征及岩浆混合标志   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9  

李永军  李注苍  丁仨平  刘志武  李民贤  李金宝 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(3):7-12

温泉花岗岩体由酸性端元的寄主岩石和暗色微细粒镁铁质包体群及基性岩墙群组成。无岩浆混合作用或岩浆混合作用较弱区段，寄主岩石以似斑状二长花岗岩为主．显示正常的花岗岩结构构造岩浆混合作用强烈区段。岩石的异常结构构造十分发育．矿物之间自形程度差异显著．常见包晶反应、包含结构、交代边、熔蚀边、交代蚕食的港湾状结构构造及交代缝合线、矿物镶边、斜长石异常环带和矿物残留等，多见指示岩浆混合的标志性矿物针状磷灰石。暗色微粒包体中多见寄主二长花岗岩中的捕掳晶。包体的形态、结构构造以及与寄主岩石强烈地成分交换等均是岩浆混合作用的标志。  相似文献   

平凉隐伏岩溶水环境同位素研究     

马致远  马蒂尔·亨德尔 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(4):60-66

地下水资源可持续利用的一个急待解决的重要问题,是对地下水补给和更新能力的评价.利用环境同位素技术研究地下水的补给和可更新性是当前较为新颖的方法之一.在西北干旱、半干旱的隐伏岩溶地区,地下水埋藏条件复杂,常规的地质勘探方法所能提供的水文地质信息有限,环境同位素方法在研究地下水的补给及可更新能力方面发挥了优势,可对传统方法进行补充和验证.其结果表明,研究区隐伏岩溶水形成较早,且有大量现代水的混入,平均混入量为54%.说明区内隐伏岩溶水的补给和更新能力较好.环境同位素分析结果还显示,大岔河隐伏岩溶水为一相对独立、半开放的水文地质单元,其补给来源部分为流域内大气降水、地表水的补给,部分为东南部三道沟岩溶地下水的补给;根据环境同位素EPM模型计算,地下水的滞留时间为36 a.地下水储存量为1.314×108 m3; 储水系数为7.29×10-3.这一结果与传统勘探方法的计算结果基本吻合,说明环境同位素方法的实用性.  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰哈巴河一带古生代火山岩的形成与演化     

Zhang Chuanling 《地球科学与环境学报》1997,(1)

文中详细地论述了新疆阿尔泰哈巴河一带古生代火山岩的地质、岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学特征。将其分为三个类型，认为火山岩是在陆缘裂陷槽的区域构造背景下发生和演化的。对各类型火山岩岩浆来源，上升模式也做了初步讨论。  相似文献   

西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛火山岩地质特征初论          下载免费PDF全文

郑祥身 《极地研究》1990,2(4):28-35

纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛被玄武质、玄武安山质熔岩和火山碎屑岩以及沉积火山碎屑岩所覆盖。区域火山岩地层对比证明其是在形成长城站地区火山岩的同一火山作用下发育起来的。据地质接触关系和岩石组合特点,初步认为该半岛火山岩地层可以进一步划分为三个岩性段,分别形成于两期火山作用。该半岛的主要构造线方向平行于菲尔德斯海峡,这在地貌特征及次火山岩的分布上得到了证实。  相似文献   

Metamorphic evolution of exhumed middle to lower crustal rocks in the Mojave Extensional Belt, southern California, USA     

D. J. HENRY  R. K. DOKKA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(3):347-364

The Waterman Metamorphic Complex of the central Mojave Desert was exposed as a consequence of early Miocene detachment-dominated extension. However, it has evidence consistent with a more extensive geological history that involves collision of a crustal fragment(s), tectonic thickening by overthrusting and two periods of extension. The metamorphic complex contains granitoid intrusives and felsic mylonitic gneisses as well as polymetamorphic rocks that include marble, calc-silicate, quartzite. mafic granulite, pyribolite, amphibolite, migmatite and biotite schist. The latter group of rocks was affected by an initial series of high-grade metamorphic events (M1 and M2) and a localized lower grade overprint (M3). The initial metamorphism (M1) can be separated into two stages along its high-grade P–T path: M1a, a granulite facies metamorphism at 800–850° C and 7.5–9 kbar and Mlb, an upper amphibolite facies overprint at 750–800° C and 10–12 kbar. M1a developed mineral assemblages and textures consistent with granulite facies conditions at a reduced activity of H₂O and is associated with intense ductile deformation (D1) and minor local partial melting. M1b overprinted the granulite assemblages with a series of hydrous phases under conditions of increasing pressure and H₂O activity and is accompanied by little or no deformation. M2 developed at lower pressures and temperatures (650–750° C, 4.5–5.5 kbar) and is distinguished by a second local overprint of hydrous phases that reflects an input of aqueous fluids probably associated with the intrusion of a series of granitic dykes and veins. Effects of M3 are confined to the Mitchel detachment zone, an anastomosing early Miocene detachment fault, and are characterized by local ductile/brittle deformation (D2) of the pre-existing high-grade rocks and granitoid intrusives and by the production of mylonites and mylonitic gneisses under greenschist facies conditions (300–350° C, 3–5 kbar). The initial overprint (M1a) represents metamorphism, devolatilization and minor partial melting of supracrustal rocks under granulite facies conditions as a consequence of tectonic and, possibly, magmatic thickening. The increasing pressure transition of M1a to M1b reflects a period of continued compressional tectonism, thrusting and influx of H₂O, in part, locally related to crystallization of partial melts. The near isothermal decompression between M1b and M2 probably represents a pre-112-Ma extensional episode that may have been the result of a decompressional readjustment of a thickened crust. Following the initial extensional event, the metamorphic complex remained at depths of 10–17 km for at least 90 Ma until it was uplifted following Miocene extension. M3 develops locally in response to this second extensional period resulting from the early Miocene detachment faulting.  相似文献   

Sonar acoustic facies and sediment distribution on an area of the deep ocean floor     

Robert B. Kidd  Robert W. Simm  Roger C. Searle 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1985,2(3):210-221

Long-range sidescan sonar can be used to map sediment distributions over wide expanses of deep ocean floor. Seven acoustic facies that arise from differing sediment or rock types have been mapped over the low-relief Saharan continental rise and Madeira abyssal plain. These have been calibrated with sampling, profiling and camera studies and the facies can be traced confidently on a regional scale using the sidescan data. The mapping of the sediment distribution shows that a complex interplay of turbidity current and debris flow processes can occur at a continental rise/abysaal plain transition over 1000 km from the nearest continental slope.  相似文献   

The stable isotope signature of kilometre-scale fracturedominated metamorphic fluid pathways, Mary Kathleen, Australia     

N. H. S. OLIVER  I. CARTWRIGHT  V. J. WALL  S. D. GOLDING 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(5):705-720

Abstract Large calcite veins and pods in the Proterozoic Corella Formation of the Mount Isa Inlier provide evidence for kilometre-scale fluid transport during amphibolite facies metamorphism. These 10- to 100-m-scale podiform veins and their surrounding alteration zones have similar oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios throughout the 200 × 10-km Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, despite the isotopic heterogeneity of the surrounding wallrocks. The fluids that formed the pods and veins were not in isotopic equilibrium with the immediately adjacent rocks. The pods have δ¹³C_calcite values of –2 to –7% and δ¹⁸O_calcite values of 10.5 to 12.5%. Away from the pods, metadolerite wallrocks have δ¹⁸O_whole-rock values of 3.5 to 7%. and unaltered banded calc-silicate and marble wallrocks have δ¹³C_calcite of –1.6 to –0.6%, and δ¹⁸O_calcite of 18 to 21%. In the alteration zones adjacent to the pods, the δ¹⁸O values of both metadolerite and calc-silicate rocks approach those of the pods. Large calcite pods hosted entirely in calc-silicates show little difference in isotopic composition from pods hosted entirely in metadolerite. Thus, 100- to 500-m-scale isotopic exchange with the surrounding metadolerites and calc-silicates does not explain the observation that the δ¹⁸O values of the pods are intermediate between these two rock types. Pods hosted in felsic metavolcanics and metasiltstones are also isotopically indistinguishable from those hosted in the dominant metadolerites and calc-silicates. These data suggest the veins are the product of infiltration of isotopically homogeneous fluids that were not derived from within the Corella Formation at the presently exposed crustal level, although some of the spread in the data may be due to a relatively small contribution from devolatilization reactions in the calc-silicates, or thermal fluctuations attending deformation and metamorphism. The overall L-shaped trend of the data on plots of δ¹³C vs. δ¹⁸O is most consistent with mixing of large volumes of externally derived fluids with small volumes of locally derived fluid produced by devolatilization of calc-silicate rocks. Localization of the vein systems in dilatant sites around metadolerite/calc-silicate boundaries indicates a strong structural control on fluid flow, and the stable isotope data suggest fluid migration must have occurred at scales greater than at least 1 km. The ultimate source for the external fluid is uncertain, but is probably fluid released from crystallizing melts derived from the lower crust or upper mantle. Intrusion of magmas below the exposed crustal level would also explain the high geothermal gradient calculated for the regional metamorphism.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of Adakitic Intrusive Rocksin Xu-Huai Area, Eastern China     

Qinghai Wang  Wenliang Xu  Dongyan Wang  Jingqian LinCollege of Earth Sciences  Jilin University  Changchun  China 《东北亚地学研究》2003,(2)

1IntroductionAdakite has specially sense in the resuming structure background of rock formed,because of its distinctive geochemistry feature and implying partic-ular petrogenesis and ore genesis mechanism (De-fant and Drummond,1990),as a result,it arouses numerous researchers widely concern. After adakite conception was drawn by Chinese (Wang etal.,2000), it was widely concerned by domestic re-searchers (Wang etal.,2000,2001a,2001b;Xu etal.,2000;Pan etal.,2001;Qian,2001;Xu etal.,2001;X…  相似文献   

Pan-African eclogite facies metamorphism of ultramafic rocks in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica     

T. ROMER  K. MEZGER  E. SCHMÄDICKE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(5):335-347

In the Shackleton Range of East Antarctica, garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks occur as lenses in supracrustal high-grade gneisses. In the presence of olivine, garnet is an unmistakable indicator of eclogite facies metamorphic conditions. The eclogite facies assemblages are only present in ultramafic rocks, particularly in pyroxenites, whereas other lithologies – including metabasites – lack such assemblages. We conclude that under high-temperature conditions, pyroxenites preserve high-pressure assemblages better than isofacial metabasites, provided the pressure is high enough to stabilize garnet–olivine assemblages (i.e. ≥18–20 kbar). The Shackleton Range ultramafic rocks experienced a clockwise P–T path and peak conditions of 800–850 °C and 23–25 kbar. These conditions correspond to ∼70 km depth of burial and a metamorphic gradient of 11–12 °C km⁻¹ that is typical of a convergent plate-margin setting. The age of metamorphism is defined by two garnet–whole-rock Sm–Nd isochrons that give ages of 525 ± 5 and 520 ± 14 Ma corresponding to the time of the Pan-African orogeny. These results are evidence of a Pan-African suture zone within the northern Shackleton Range. This suture marks the site of a palaeo-subduction zone that likely continues to the Herbert Mountains, where ophiolitic rocks of Neoproterozoic age testify to an ocean basin that was closed during Pan-African collision. The garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks in the Shackleton Range are the first known example of eclogite facies metamorphism in Antarctica that is related to the collision of East and West Gondwana and the first example of Pan-African eclogite facies ultramafic rocks worldwide. Eclogites in the Lanterman Range of the Transantarctic Mountains formed during subduction of the palaeo-Pacific beneath the East Antarctic craton.  相似文献