昆明长水机场气候特征分析     

张序 《气象科学进展》2019,(1):41-45

利用昆明市1951—2010年逐日气象数据,采用回归分析法和Mann-Kendall突变分析法进行分析和检验,确定了昆明市极端降水和极端温度天气事件。在此基础上,对昆明长水机场极端天气背景下大雾天气航班安全运行开展研究,并在对比昆明长水机场与原巫家坝机场大雾特点的基础上,制定出航班安全运行的应对措施。研究表明,近几年昆明市极端温度和极端降水事件呈现增多趋势;因地形原因,长水机场出现大雾的频率远高于原巫家坝机场;大雾造成的低能见度天气背景下,航班的安全运行需要航空公司各部门的通力协作。  相似文献   

An Overview of Nowcasting Development, Applications, and Services in the Hong Kong Observatory          下载免费PDF全文

LI Ping-Wah  WONG Wai-Kin  CHEUNG Ping  YEUNG Hon-Yin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):859-876

The Hong Kong Observatory （HKO） has been developing a suite of nowcasting systems to support op- erations of the forecasting center and to provide a variety of nowcasting services for the general public and specialized users. The core system is named the Short-range Warnings of Intense Rainstorm of Localized Systems （SWIRLS）, which is a radar-based nowcasting system mainly for the automatic tracking of the movement of radar echoes and the short-range Quantitative Precipitation Forecast （QPF）. The differential, integral （or variational）, and object-oriented tracking algorithms were developed and integrated into the nowcasting suite. In order to predict severe weather associated with intense thunderstorms, such as high gust, hail, and lightning, SWIRLS was enhanced to SWIRLS-II by introduction of a number of physical models, especially the icing physics as well as the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. SWIRLS-Ⅱ was further enhanced with non-hydrostatic, high resolution numerical models for extending the forecast range up to 6h ahead. Meanwhile, SWIRLS was also modified for providing nowcasting services for aviation community and specialized users. To take into account the rapid development of lightning events, ensemble nowcasting techniques such as time-lagged and weighted average ensemble approaches were also adopted in the nowcasting system. Apart from operational uses in Hong Kong, SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ was also exported to other places to participate in several international events such as the WMO/WWRP Forecast Demon- stration Project （FDP） during the Beijing 2008 Olympics Games and the Shanghai Expo 2010. Meanwhile, SWIRLS has also been transferred to various regional meteorological organizations for establishing their nowcasting infrastructure. This paper summarizes the history and the technologies of SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ and its variants and the associated nowcasting applications and services provided by the HKO since the mid 1990s.  相似文献   

依托航空模拟平台的激光雷达技术课程实践教学装备     

许志华  逯行政  彭远航  杨可明  王宇敏 《测绘通报》2022,(4):162-166

为了能更好地理解激光雷达技术工作原理与三维信息采集全过程,规避现有激光雷达技术,尤其是机载激光雷达,在实践教学中受场地限制的不利条件,本文依托于中国矿业大学(北京)沙河校区的航空模拟平台,自主研发了一套基于单线激光雷达与行程测距仪集成的三维激光扫描装备,阐述了该装备集成的数学原理,设计了三维数据采集实践教学方法,并进行了三维数据采集的实践体验与数据质量评价。结果表明,该装备采集三维点云的精度优于99%,可为激光雷达技术的实践教学、创新训练及本科毕业设计等环节提供有效的硬件支撑,并可在仓储方量核算等工程应用方面进行推广。  相似文献   

基于航空联系的中国城市网络格局演变分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张婷婷  陈瑛  王孟林 《世界地理研究》2022,31(1):166-176

运用2000、2005、2010、2017年全国民航机场及航线客流的截面数据（不含港澳台地区）,结合复杂网络、GIS与地理探测器方法,刻画了21世纪以来我国航空联系网络所反映的城市网络格局,并分析其演变过程及影响因素。结果表明：中国目前形成了以上海、北京、广州、成都为一级核心城市,多层次、多中心的网络格局,并由“三中心”逐渐演变为“四中心”结构;中心城市分布具有明显的东西差异,呈现“三足鼎立、西部突出、中部薄弱”态势;全国城市网络具有无标度、小世界特征及较强的集聚性,中心城市在2005年前向东南沿海集聚,而后向中西部地区扩散,集聚性有所降低;中国城市网络格局的演变由政策支持、旅游发展水平、经济基础、产业结构等多因素共同驱动。  相似文献   

Tankering strategies for evading emissions trading in aviation     

MARTIN CAMES 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):104-120

Which actors in the aviation sector ought to be obliged to participate in emissions trading? The European Commission opted for the aircraft operator in their proposal for a Directive. A major drawback is that non-EU aircraft operators might legally challenge their inclusion in this scheme and, if the challenge was successful, discrimination between EU and non- EU operators would undermine the scheme. An alternative would be to place an obligation on fuel suppliers to prove possession of allowances, thus avoiding discrimination. However, emissions trading can be evaded to some extent by increased refuelling beyond EU boundaries (tankering). Typical city pairs were used to analyse the conditions under which such tankering strategies are economically attractive. The analysis shows that the attractiveness of tankering depends substantially on the relationship between fuel prices and allowance prices. If the price relation as of March 2006 is taken as a basis, tankering would be attractive within a radius of up to 4,000 km especially on southbound and eastward routes. Emissions trading could, under unfavourable conditions, be evaded for up to 20% of the total fuel consumption in aviation with the help of tankering. Although this value is only a theoretical upper limit, more than 10% of fuel consumption could be affected by tankering.  相似文献   

探空气球三维数据采集器的研制     

樊昌元  王保强  文斌 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(4):349-352

主要介绍民航监控系统中的探空气球三维(方位、俯仰、斜距)数据自动采集器的软硬件设计及实现。该采集器的主要功能有：接收探空气球三维编码器数据并处理、换算、显示；接收和显示来自PC机的时间信息；根据PC机不同指令，上传相应时刻的三维数据到计算机。计算机通过MODEM将相应三维数据传到民航空管中心。其中，在显示电路中，提出并使用了一种新的消隐方法，克服了传统静态扫描显示的闪烁现象；在软件上，针对数据的具体特点，提出了化乘除为加减，利用移位、按位补偿处理算法，明显提高效率，保证了信号处理的实时性。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(3):295-316

Book Reviewed in this article: Marine Resources of Kuwait: Their Role in the Development of Non-oil Resources . Fatimah H. Y. al -Abdul -Razzak Recollections of a Revolution: Geography as Spatial Science . Mark Billinge , Derek Gregory and Ron Martin Entre l'Eden et l'Utopie . Luc Bureau Developments in Political Geography . M. A. Busteed The Elements of Graphing Data . William S. Cleveland Rural Resource Management . Paul J. Cloke and Chris C. Park Third World Atlas . Ben Crow and Alan Thomas Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation: A Geographic Perspective on Natural Resource Use . Susan L. Cutter , Hilary Lambert Renwick, and William H. Renwick . Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere . Harm Jan de Blij Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe . George Demko The Geographer at Work . Peter R. Gould Change in the Amazon Basin . John Hemming Geography Since the Second World War . R. J. Johnston and P. Claval Urbanization in China: Town and Countryside in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. , R. J. R. Kirkby Transport and Communications for Pacific Microstates: Issues in Organisation and Management . Christopher C. Kissling Fluvial Forms and Processes . David Knighton The Urban Millennium . Josef W. Konvitz Technological Transition in Cartography . Mark Stephen Monmonier Field Guide to Soils and the Environment: Applications of Soil Surveys . Gerald W. Olson Northern Australia: The Arenas of Life and Ecosystems on Half a Continent . Don Parkes A Killing Rain: The Global Threat of Acid Rain . Thomas Pawlick From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850–1931 . Donald J. Pisani Hybrid Maize Diffusion in Kenya . Franz -Michael Rundquist Warning and Response to the Mount St. Helens Eruption . Thomas F. Saarinen and James L. Sell Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East , 2nd ed . T. C. Whitmore The Dark Side of the Earth . Robert Muir Wood Categorical Data Analysis for Geographers and Environmental Scientists , Neil Wrigley  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐机场一次寒潮多相态降水过程分析     

王清平  谭艳梅  陈春艳 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(3):109-116

利用常规观测资料及新疆区域自动站、乌鲁木齐风廓线雷达、多普勒雷达资料,针对2015年2月13日发生在乌鲁木齐地区的一次雨雪天气过程,从大气背景环境、风温垂直结构、冷暖平流及雨、雪相态转换成因等方面进行分析。结果表明:此次寒潮降水天气的大尺度环流背景是中亚地区高空脊向极区发展,脊顶北风引导极地冷空气南下,在西西伯利亚地区发展成大槽。大槽东移进入新疆地区后,槽后冷空气与北上的西南暖湿气流在天山山区汇合造成此次寒潮降水天气。乌鲁木齐机场出现雪转雨再转雪等相态转换,是由于先受冷平流控制,随着地面冷锋前部暖平流临近,低空暖层厚度加大,降雪粒子在降落过程中融化为雨滴,地面降水相态转为雨夹雪和雨,冷锋系统进入后,再次处于冷平流控制下,降水相态再由雨转为雪。风廓线雷达风场资料的分析结果表明,空中冷暖平流的性质和转换与降水相态变化有较好的对应关系;风廓线垂直速度显示,降雪粒子与雨滴粒子相比,垂直速度较小且雨滴粒子主要集中在1000 m以下。利用多普勒雷达产品分析地面冷锋的移动、空中冷暖平流的变化,有助于对降水相态变化的预报。  相似文献   

中国航空联系的网络结构与区域差异   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

王海江  苗长虹 《地理科学》2015,35(10):1220-1229

区域空间联系是不同客体之间基于空间法则下的相互作用现象,航空联系是诸多空间联系的一种。依据中国国内航班运营信息数据,运用基于O-D联系网络的GIS空间分析法,通过在大尺度数据空间内刻画每一条运营航线,深入解析全国通航中心城市间（不含港澳台）航空联系的网络结构,并与按重力模型计算的空间联系进行对比,分运距区段绘制中国城市空间相互作用联系与航空联系网络结构图谱,深入揭示航空联系的空间相互作用本质。进而分析东、中、西部及东北4区域间航空联系的网络结构差异,揭示中国航空联系的网络结构及区域结构特征。研究发现,城市航空联系网络与人口、经济之间的空间相互作用高度吻合,大城市集聚特征显著,空间分布较不平衡。依据进出港航班数量,可将通航中心城市划分为全国性、区域性、省域及地方性中心4个等级,其中北京、上海、广州为全国性中心。城市航空联系主要集中在600~2 000 km空间距离范围内,总体上服从空间距离衰减规律。全国航空客流的区域分布极不平衡,东部航空运输地位极其突出,西部相对较强,中部与东北相对较弱。  相似文献   

机场多普勒天气雷达双机备份技术及可靠性分析     

陈宝  高仲辉  郝立勇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2012,27(3):247-252

为了提高天气雷达不间断运行的效率,满足保障航空飞行安全的需要,采用目前国际上最新且成熟的雷达技术、计算机技术和网络通讯技术,实现天气雷达主体部分双机互为冗余备份,使天气雷达系统达到的任务可靠性指标≥10000小时,较目前的机场多普勒天气雷达可靠性指标提高8倍以上,从而大大提高机场天气雷达的保障能力。  相似文献