Bond rolling resistance and its effect on yielding of bonded granulates by DEM analyses     

M. J. Jiang  H. S. Yu  D. Harris 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(8):723-761

A discrete element modelling of bonded granulates and investigation on the bond effect on their behaviour are very important to geomechanics. This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete element theory for bonded granulates with bond rolling resistance and provides a numerical investigation into the effect of bond rolling resistance on the yielding of bonded granulates. The model consists of mechanical contact models and equations governing the motion of bonded particles. The key point of the theory is that the assumption in the original bond contact model previously proposed by the authors (55th CSCE‐ASCE Conference, Hamilton, Ont., Canada, 2002; 313–320; J. Eng. Mech. (ASCE) 2005; 131 (11):1209–1213) that bonded particles are in contact at discrete points, is here replaced by a more reliable assumption that bonded particles are in contact over a width. By making the idealization that the bond contact width is continuously distributed with the normal/tangential basic elements (BE) (each BE is composed of spring, dashpot, bond, slider or divider), we establish a bond rolling contact model together with bond normal/tangential contact models, and also relate the governing equations to local equilibrium. Only one physical parameter β needs to be introduced in the theory in comparison to the original bond discrete element model. The model has been implemented into a 2‐D distinct element method code, NS2D. Using the NS2D, a total of 86 1‐D, constant stress ratio, and biaxial compressions tests have been carried out on the bonded granular samples of different densities, bonding strengths and rolling resistances. The numerical results show that: (i) the new theory predicts a larger internal friction angle, a larger yielding stress, more brittle behaviour and larger final broken contact ratio than the original bond model; (ii) the yielding stress increases nonlinearly with the increasing value of β, and (iii) the first‐yield curve (initiation of bond breakage), which define a zone of none bond breakage and which shape and size are affected by the material density, is amplified by the bond rolling resistance in analogous to that predicted by the original bond model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

苏、皖石炭系石灰岩的胶结作用     

王琦  涂仁亮  文丽  吴光华  洪三九  王广运 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(4)

分析了苏、皖石炭系石灰岩的胶结作用。查明了胶结物的晶形、碳、氧同位素成分、发光特征及包体均一化温度。指出胶结作用主要发生在大气淡水补给较充分的含水层内,这与本区属海退成岩序列有关。  相似文献   

Diagenesis and fracturing of Paleocene–Eocene carbonate turbidite systems in the Ionian Basin: The example of the Kelçyra area (Albania)     

Nadge Vilasi  Rudy Swennen  Franois Roure 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):409

The Kelçyra area is emplaced in a foreland fold-and-thrust belt (FFTB), characterized by a westward thrusting with the Triassic evaporites as the major décollement level. Several secondary features related with this evolution, like backthrusting, folding, duplex structures, evaporite diapirism are present. During the FFTB evolution, the study area has been subjected to several fracturing events with associated stages of fluid migration. During the pre-deformational stage, complex textures such as crack-and-seal features most likely reflect expulsion of overpressured fluids. These fluids were dominantly host-rock buffered. Within the post-deformational stage, a meteoric fluid caused cementation and development of a karst network during a period of emergence after the thrust emplacement. Subsequently, Mg calcite reprecipitated in the more stable carbonate phase calcite and dolomite, which filled part of the karts network. The latter is finally dedolomitized and locally partially dissolved by a second meteoric fluid flow, which greatly increased the secondary porosity.  相似文献   

结合水动力学原理在尼尔基水利枢纽·右岸副坝下游浸没研究中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

金云弼  崔贤淑  李济民  申林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):67-70

应用结合水动力学原理，采用野外调查和室内试验研究相结合、宏观 观研究和粘土微观研究相结合的方法，对粘土层的渗流特征进行了专门研究，确定粘土起始比降I0值，以确定测压水位与粘土不带水位、毛细力与毛管水上升高度之间的关系。在三维渗流电网络计算的基础上，进一步进行了粘土层内含水带的埋深计算，并重新选定毛管水上升高度值和浸没临界深度。研究结果表明，副坝下游浸没范围和程度大大减轻，只要进行适当的工程处理，下游浸没影响当可消除，建筑物安全也是有保证的。  相似文献   

Organic pollutants associated with macromolecular soil organic matter: Mode of binding   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. H. Richnow  R. Seifert  J. Hefter  M. Link  W. Francke  G. Schaefer  W. Michaelis   《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

A study of ether-linked moieties in macromolecular bound residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) generated in bioremediation experiments was performed using high temperature hydrolysis degradation with subsequent analysis of the products by GC-MS. This hydrolysis reaction was specifically designed to cleave ether bonds including relatively stable diarylether structures. Among the reaction products, aromatic alcohols representing typical microbiologically derived metabolites of PAH were found in addition to natural compounds. Thus, parts of the bound residues appeared to be linked within the macromolecular material by ether bonds. Model experiments with an oxidoreductase enzyme and aromatic alcohols indicate the formation of these ether bonds to be an enzyme-catalysed process.  相似文献   

洪水保险债券的运作机制与发展思路          下载免费PDF全文

魏敏杰  纪昌明 《水科学进展》2004,15(1):113-116

由于传统(再)保险,难以将洪灾风险进行有效的分散,因此,有必要寻求有效的金融工具将洪灾风险向资本市场转移。在建立洪水保险债券的概念框架基础上,阐述了与普通债券及传统再保险的区别。从经济学和精算学的角度对洪水保险债券进行分析,揭示了洪水保险债券定价机制。通过研究洪水保险债券的运作模式,分析了我国洪水保险债券的发行条件与发展思路,指出洪水保险债券为我国防洪减灾提供了可资借鉴的崭新方法与工具。  相似文献   

从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究-热液矿床成因的若干新概念概述     

张荣华  胡书敏  张雪彤 《地质学报》2016,90(9):2437-2453

热液金属矿床成因研究过程中,观测与实验始终是密切结合的。上世纪70年代,平衡热力学的实验数据的快速积累,使人们用热力学理论计算可以预测和反演矿石和岩石的成因。但是,没有矿物-水溶液的反应速率数据,又没有与流体力学的结合,搞清楚矿石成因是困难的。七、八十年代,开始研究矿物与水溶液的反应动力学实验。科学家们开始瞄准了从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究的这个大方向。1992年我们建立地球化学动力学开放研究实验室。研究高温高压矿物与水反应速率,发现固液的开放体系的自组织现象。实验发现温度影响矿物的各个元素反应速率改变,发现在跨越水临界态时矿物与水反应速率涨落、在近临界的气-液两相不混溶区一些金属进入气相、超临界流体的氧化作用及特别的溶剂性能影响矿物溶解性质。实验证实:临界态区流体与矿石成因有关。水岩相互作用的反应动力学实验温度从低温到550度,揭示矿石的金属来源、迁移、金属与蚀变分带机制。一大批大于300度的矿物与水反应动力学实验在国际界是少有报道的。九十年代,超高压的科学发展,与同步辐射光源的技术进步的结合,使固体地球科学又迈向了地球深内部。我们发展了高温高压流体性质的原位直测(测量850℃水溶液)红外谱,发现深部流体的新性质:气液两相流体的新结构,在临界温度区(300~400℃),水分子氢键网络的破坏受压力影响不大(23MPa~3GPa),同时,出现水的高电导率。研发新仪器为开放-流动-非平衡的反应动力学实验与极端条件下物质性质的直接观测结合,在科学前沿领域开辟了创新道路。  相似文献   

Modeling 3D thermal fracture propagation by transient cooling using virtual multidimensional internal bonds          下载免费PDF全文

K. Huang  A. Ghassemi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(17):2293-2311

Thermal fracturing can play an important role in development of unconventional petroleum and geothermal resources. Thermal fractures can result from the nonlinear deformation of the rock in response to thermal stress related to cold water injection as well as heating. Before the rock reaches the final failure stage, material softening and bulk modulus degradation can cause changes in the thermo‐mechanical properties of the solid. In order to capture this aspect of the rock fracture, a virtual multidimensional internal bond‐based thermo‐mechanical model is derived to track elastic, softening, and the failure stages of the rock in response to the temporal changes of its temperature field. The variations in thermo‐mechanical properties of the rock are derived from a nonlinear constitutive model. To represent the thermo‐mechanical behavior of pre‐existing fractures, the element partition method is employed. Using the model, numerical simulation of 3D thermal fracture propagation in brittle rock is carried out. Results of numerical simulations provide evidence of model verification and illustrate nonlinear thermal response and fracture development in rock under uniform cooling. In addition, fracture coalescence in a cluster of fractures under thermal stress is illustrated, and the process of thermal fracturing from a wellbore is captured. Results underscore the importance of thermal stress in reservoir stimulation and show the effectiveness of the model to predict 3D thermal fracturing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study of bond stress–slip relationship and radial dilation in prestressed concrete     

José Mª Benítez  J.C. Gálvez  M.J. Casati 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(16):2706-2726

This paper presents two test procedures for evaluating the bond stress–slip and the slip–radial dilation relationships when the prestressing force is transmitted by releasing the steel (wire or strand) in precast prestressed elements. The bond stress–slip relationship is obtained with short length specimens, to guarantee uniform bond stress, for three depths of the wire indentation (shallow, medium and deep). An analytical model for bond stress–slip relationship is proposed and compared with the experimental results. The model is also compared with the experimental results of other researchers. Since numerical models for studying bond‐splitting problems in prestressed concrete require experimental data about dilatancy angle (radial dilation), a test procedure is proposed to evaluate these parameters. The obtained values of the radial dilation are compared with the prior estimated by numerical modelling and good agreement is reached. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

锡石的晶体结构和形态的关系          下载免费PDF全文

柴钢  王文魁 《岩石矿物学杂志》1988,7(4):374-381

本文对不同成因类型的锡石晶体形态进行了研究,并从PBC(周期性键链)理论出发,讨论了锡石晶体形态与晶体结构的关系。笔者认为,锡石晶体具有三种F面,即s{111}、e{101}、m{110},与Hartman对同样结构类型的金红石晶面性质划分有所差异。据锡石晶面结构性质所推导的理想晶体形态图,与晶体测量所得到的天然晶体形态图总体上相吻合。  相似文献