The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine: Multi-decadal whole-watershed experimental acidification     

Kaizad F. Patel  Ivan J. Fernandez  Sarah J. Nelson  Stephen A. Norton  Cheryl J. Spencer 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14147

The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term research site established to study the response of forest ecosystem function to environmental disturbances of chronic acidic deposition and ecosystem nitrogen enrichment. Starting in 1989, the West Bear (treated) watershed received bimonthly applications of ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] fertilizer from above the canopy, whereas East Bear (reference) received ambient deposition. The treatments were stopped in 2016, marking the beginning of the recovery phase. Research at the site has focused on soils, streams, and vegetation. Here, we describe data collected over three decades at the BBWM—input and stream output nutrient fluxes, quantitative soil pits and soil chemistry, and soil temperature and moisture.  相似文献   

Fully coupled elastoplastic hydro-mechanical analysis of unsaturated porous media using a meshfree method     

Omid Ghaffaripour  Golnaz A. Esgandani  Arman Khoshghalb  Babak Shahbodaghkhan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(11):1919-1955

This paper presents the first application of an advanced meshfree method, ie, the edge-based smoothed point interpolation method (ESPIM), in simulation of the coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated porous media. In the proposed technique, the problem domain is spatially discretised using a triangular background mesh, and the polynomial point interpolation method combined with a simple node selection scheme is adopted for creating nodal shape functions. Smoothing domains are formed on top of the background mesh, and a constant smoothed strain, created by applying the smoothing operation over the smoothing domains, is assigned to each smoothing domain. The deformation and flow models are developed based on the equilibrium equation of the mixture, and linear momentum and mass balance equations of the fluid phases, respectively. The effective stress approach is followed to account for the coupling between the flow and deformation models. Further coupling among the phases is captured through a hysteretic soil water retention model that evolves with changes in void ratio. An advanced elastoplastic constitutive model within the context of the bounding surface plasticity theory is employed for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of soil skeleton. Time discretisation is performed by adopting a three-point discretisation method with growing time steps to avoid temporal instabilities. A modified Newton-Raphson framework is designed for dealing with nonlinearities of the discretised system of equations. The performance of the numerical model is examined through a number of numerical examples. The state-of-the-art computational scheme developed is useful for simulation of geotechnical engineering problems involving unsaturated soils.  相似文献   

PS测井在机场隧道地基勘查中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

范伟顺 《山东国土资源》2018,34(1)

PS测井技术是地震勘探方法之一,也是一种简便、快速、准确的原位测试技术。该文介绍了单孔法PS测井的原理及其在铁路工程勘察中的应用,主要包括根据等效剪切波,进行建筑抗震场地类别划分,铁路工程抗震场地类别划分。根据岩土动力学参数,达到评价岩体质量和划分围岩类别目的,利用剪切波速法估算岩土的承载力基本值。通过青岛机场隧道场地的工程实例说明了PS测井技术在岩土工程勘察设计中的应用情况及应用效果。  相似文献   

Cosmological constraints from the local X-ray luminosity function of the most X-ray-luminous galaxy clusters     

S. W. Allen  R. W. Schmidt  A. C. Fabian  H. Ebeling 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,342(1):287-298

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Polar shapelets     

Richard Massey  Alexandre Refregier 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,363(1):197-210

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An approximate method for evaluating the shear band thickness in saturated soils     

X. B. Lu  Wang Shuyun  Wang Yihua  Peng Cui 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(15):1533-1541

A formula for the thickness of a shear band formed in saturated soils under a simple shear or a combined stress state has been proposed. It is shown that the shear band thickness is dependent on the pore pressure properties of the material and the dilatancy rate, but is independent of the details of the combined stress state. This is in accordance with some separate experimental observations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Merging of low-mass systems and the origin of the fundamental plane     

E.A. Evstigneeva  R.R. de Carvalho  A.L. Ribeiro  H.V. Capelato 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):487-490

We present the preliminary results of a study of how small stellar systems merge to form larger ones. As we display the families of galaxies in the μ_e - R_e plane (effective surface brightness versus effective radius) we realize that different morphological types occupy different loci, evidencing the different physical mechanisms operating in each family. As proposed by Capaccioli et al. (1992) this diagram is the logical equivalent of the HR diagram for stars. Here we take some initial steps in understanding of how we can establish the evolutionary tracks, solely due to dynamical processes, in the μ_e - R_e plane, ultimately making a dwarf elliptical to turn into a normal elliptical galaxy. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Finite element formulation and algorithms for unsaturated soils. Part II: Verification and application     

Daichao Sheng  David W. Smith  Scott W. Sloan  Antonio Gens 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(9):767-790

The finite‐element formulation and integration algorithms developed in Part I are used to analyse a number of practical problems involving unsaturated and saturated soils. The formulation and algorithms perform well for all the cases analysed, with the robustness of the latter being largely insensitive to user‐defined parameters such as the number of coarse time steps and error control tolerances. The efficiency of the algorithms, as measured by the CPU time consumed, does not depend on the number of coarse time steps, but may be influenced by the error control tolerances. Based on the analyses presented here, typical values for the error control tolerances are suggested. It is also shown that the constitutive modelling framework presented in Part I can, by adjusting one constitutive equation and one or two material parameters, be used to simulate soils that expand or collapse upon wetting. Treating the suction as a strain variable instead of a stress variable proves to be an efficient and robust way of solving suction‐dependent plastic yielding. Moreover, the concept of the constitutive stress is a particularly convenient way of handling the transition between saturation and unsaturation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

小行星(360)Carlova自转参数的测定     

王晓彬  张西亮 《天文学报》2006,47(2):202-211

小行星自转参数的资料不仅可以为小行星碰撞演化提供数据,还可以为太阳系的演化研究提供依据．利用云南天文台1米望远镜对主带碳类小行星(360)Carlova进行了新的CCD测光观测,结合前人的测光资料,利用Epoch-方法对(360)的自转参数进行了反演计算,得到该小行星自转的恒星周期为0．25780417±0．00000003天,自转轴的黄道坐标为(95°±3,°40°±1°)．新的结果与前人的结果相比较为一致,其精度稍高于以前的估算结果．  相似文献   

New evidence for a linear colour–magnitude relation and a single Schechter function for red galaxies in a nearby cluster of galaxies down to M*+ 8     

S. Andreon  J.-C. Cuillandre  E. Puddu  Y. Mellier 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,372(1):60-68

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