青藏高原植物形态和解剖适应性研究进展     

张卫芸  唐亚 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):294-299

与低海拔地区相比，青藏高原的太阳辐射、水分条件、氧分压、气温等环境条件都有明显差异，青藏高原的植物在细胞壁厚度、栅栏细胞层数、通气组织大小、异细胞数量和分布、表皮附属物类型等方面与低海拔地区的相比也有较大的不同。综述了在青藏高原特殊的生态条件下，植物在形态和解剖方面的适应性表现，分析了该领域目前的研究特点和存在的一些问题，并在全球环境变化背景下，对其发展前景进行了展望，指出了未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

AN APPARENT TEMPERATURE MODEL BASED ON THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM          下载免费PDF全文

YU Bo  LIU Mei  YAO Kemin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2004,18(1):117-128

In this paper,a comprehensive analysis and review of the advances in the research of human body comfort degree is made.Based on the studies of human thermal equilibrium theories contributed by previous researchers,different apparent temperature models corresponding to different environments are set up in accordance with the current situation and the characteristics of metabolism in different groups of people in China.After case studies and comparison with present dominant human body comfort degree statistical models,it is proved that the apparent temperature models have high rationality and wide adaptability.Furthermore,the comfort scaling standard according to apparent temperature is suggested,which is suitable for the middle latitude regions in China.  相似文献   

冻融试验对土中含水量分布的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨成松  何平  程国栋  顾同欣 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):50-55

The silty clay and silty loam are two typical soil types obtained from two test sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The two types of soil have been designed various initial dry densities, water eontents, temperature conditions in repeated freezing and thawing tests with free access to water at the bottom. Afterfreeze-thaw cycles, the moisture content in the freeze-thaw zone increases more than that in the unfrozen zone to the peak approximately at the top of the samples. With comparison of the water contents in the frozen and thawed states, the moisture content in the upper freeze-thaw zone in the frozen state is greater than that in the thawed state, while that in unfrozen zone in the frozen state is smaller than that in the thawed state. Within the region of the frost front, the water content in frozen state is smaller than that in thawed state. These findings help to study the freeze-thaw mechanisms deeply and perfect the forecasting module of moisture transferring in freeze-thaw cycles.  相似文献   

四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害风险评估     

张菡  刘晓璐  房鹏 《气象科技》2016,44(3):468-473

以四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害为研究对象,将烤烟气候适应性特征和自然灾害系统论相结合,利用冰雹频率、DEM高程数据、下垫面类型以及农业经济数据等资料,构建冰雹灾害风险评估指标体系,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和抗灾能力4个方面进行分析,最终建立四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害精细化风险评估模型并计算风险分布指数,借此将攀西烟区划分为由高至低的5个风险区域和1个不适宜种植区。结果表明,安宁河源头河谷地区、雅砻江下游流域以及攀西地区南部的河谷低山区和丘陵区冰雹灾害风险处于较高水平。评估结果为区域烤烟种植结构调整及冰雹灾害防御工作提供了科学指导。  相似文献   

南海海岛自动气象站防护应用技术探索     

甘志强  陆土金  高涛  井高飞  崔学林  黄斌 《气象科技》2016,44(6):913-917

立足海南及南海的自然条件,结合海岛自动气象站在南海高温、高湿、高盐雾、强辐射、强风等恶劣气候环境下使用情况,通过对历年来海岛自动气象站故障及失效模式的统计和分析,总结分析故障原因。根据设备维护人员多年气象设备保障工作积累总结的经验,从海岛自动气象站结构和防护要求出发,集成应用市场上优质材料、先进工艺和多种成熟、关键设备防护技术,形成一些气象设备防护的有效方法措施,以提高海岛自动气象站对海洋环境的适应性和性能,延长设备使用寿命。  相似文献   

Differentiation in reproductive traits of geminate mangrove crabs of the genus Aratus (Decapoda: Brachyura) across the Central American Isthmus          下载免费PDF全文

Adriana P. Rebolledo  Ingo S. Wehrtmann 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1210-1222

The mangrove crab Aratus pisonii was considered to have an amphi‐American distribution; however, a recent study revealed that the Eastern Tropical Pacific populations were genetically distinct, thus representing a new species: Aratus pacificus. These species separated by the Isthmus of Panama have diverged under different environmental conditions that may have influenced their reproductive biology. As the available information about this genus concerns almost exclusively the Caribbean species, the aim of the present study was to analyse and compare reproductive aspects of A. pacificus and A. pisonii obtained from both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Costa Rica. Females were collected from April 2011 to April 2012, and reproductive features such as breeding season, size distribution of ovigerous females, fecundity, reproductive output, embryo volume and embryo water content were assessed. Both species produced embryos during the entire sampled period. Most females of A. pacificus carrying embryos close to hatching were found during the rainy season. Ovigerous females of A. pisonii were substantially larger and reached sexual maturity at a larger size than females of A. pacificus. Embryo production started in A. pacificus at a smaller female size than in A. pisonii. As fecundity increased with female size, the average fecundity was lower in A. pacificus. Females of A. pisonii produced larger embryos, which might be related to lower food availability: higher energy content in the embryo enhances the chances of larval survival. These data regarding reproductive features of the Pacific and Caribbean species support the conclusion to separate A. pacificus from A. pisonii.  相似文献   

冻融循环对不同孔隙率页岩相似材料影响的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王永岩  柳雪庆  苏传奇  张余标  魏剑 《冰川冻土》2018,40(1):102-109

基于地质力学模型试验的相似理论,针对寒区岩体工程,分别制作了5种不同孔隙率的页岩相似材料,进行冻融循环试验,探究不同孔隙率的页岩相似材料在冻融前后,其主要物理力学参数的变化规律。试验研究表明：在冻融循环后,页岩相似材料的单轴抗压强度、三轴抗压强度、弹性模量、粘聚力、内摩擦角有不同程度的减小,孔隙率、泊松比有不同程度的增大。页岩相似材料的物理力学参数受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大先增大后减小,孔隙率处于9.4%~13.6%时,受冻融循环影响最大;孔隙率处于5.8%~9.4%时,受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大有增大的趋势;孔隙率处于13.9%~19.1%时,受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大有减小的趋势。研究结果可以为西部寒区的岩土工程建设和减灾提供相关的科学依据。  相似文献   

煤渣改良土的抗冻能力及损伤特性研究     

张向东  任昆 《冰川冻土》2018,40(4):764-772

为研究煤渣改良土作为季节冻土区路基填料的抗冻能力,以不同煤渣掺量及不同养护龄期下的煤渣改良土为研究对象,利用GDS三轴试验系统开展了不同冻融次数下改良土的三轴压缩试验,获得了最佳的煤渣掺量及养护时间数据,提出冻融及加载综合影响下改良土的总损伤变量,并据此建立了损伤本构关系。结果表明：改良土的抗冻能力随着煤渣掺入量的增大出现先增强后减弱的变化趋势,随龄期的增长而逐渐增强。冻融循环对改良土物理力学性质的影响主要集中在前5次循环过程,超过5次后影响逐渐减弱。冻融加载总损伤变量能够较好地反映冻融及加载过程中改良土性质的劣化,据此建立的损伤本构关系具有一定的精度,可以为季节冻土区煤渣改良土路基工程提供参考。  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉多年冻土区冻融循环过程中的能量平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘艺阗  姚济敏  赵林  肖瑶  乔永平  史健宗 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1073-1082

青藏高原多年冻土区冻融循环过程对地表能量及其分配的影响研究相对较少,青藏高原唐古拉站多年冻土的实测资料,依据10 cm土壤温度划分浅层土壤冻融循环的各个阶段并结合能量闭合率、地表能量各通量等数据探讨浅层土壤冻融循环过程与地气间水热交换过程之间的影响。结果表明：浅层土壤冻融循环过程各阶段均受气候变化的影响,其融化过程起始时间提前同时冻结过程起始时间推后,完全融化阶段持续时间增加,且逐渐接近完全冻结阶段持续时间;在浅层土壤不同冻融状态下,能量闭合率差值较大,其中完全融化阶段能量闭合状况普遍好于完全冻结阶段;净辐射值在完全融化阶段高于完全冻结阶段,净辐射在完全冻结阶段主要转化为感热通量,在完全融化阶段主要转化为潜热通量,地表土壤热通量在完全融化阶段为正值,在完全冻结阶段为负值。  相似文献   

积雪变化对中国森林凋落物分解影响研究进展     

张鹏  孙鸿儒  贾丙瑞 《冰川冻土》2021,43(6):1840-1847

森林凋落物的分解对于维持生态系统物质循环和养分平衡具有重要意义,并受到不同积雪厚度下冻融格局的影响。冻融期（包括冻结过程期、完全冻结期、融化过程期）是冻土区凋落物分解的重要时期,该时期分解的凋落物量约占全年分解总量的一半。积雪减少通常会导致土壤温度降低、冻融循环次数增加,进而影响凋落物分解。通过综述近10年来积雪变化对我国森林凋落物分解影响的研究成果发现,积雪厚度减少在冻融期通常会抑制凋落物质量损失、碳元素释放和纤维素降解,生长季则起到促进作用,从全年来看多数表现为抑制作用。因此,冻融作用造成凋落物的物理破坏,对其分解的促进作用主要发生在后续生长季。积雪厚度减少在冻融期通常抑制氮元素释放,生长季和全年则无明显规律;磷元素和木质素目前研究还存在很大差异。最后,进一步阐述了积雪变化对凋落物分解影响研究存在的问题及未来研究发展方向。  相似文献