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1.
The source and hydrochemical makeup of a stream reflects the connectivity between rainfall, groundwater, the stream, and is reflected to water quantity and quality of the catchment. However, in a semi-arid, thick, loess covered catchment, temporal variation of stream source and event associated behaviours are lesser known. Thus, the isotopic and chemical hydrographs in a widely distributed, deep loess, semi-arid catchment of the northern Chinese Loess Plateau were characterized to determine the source and hydrochemical behaviours of the stream during intra-rainfall events. Rainfall and streamflow were sampled during six hydrologic events coupled with measurements of stream baseflow and groundwater. The deuterium isotope (2H), major ions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+) were evaluated in water samples obtained during rainfall events. Temporal variation of 2H and Cl− measured in the groundwater and stream baseflow prior to rainfall was similar; however, the isotope compositions of the streamflow fluctuated significantly and responded quickly to rainfall events, likely due to an infiltration excess, overland dominated surface runoff during torrential rainfall events. Time source separation using 2H demonstrated greater than 72% on average, the stream composition was event water during torrential rainfall events, with the proportion increasing with rainfall intensity. Solutes concentrations in the stream had loglinear relationships with stream discharge, with an outling anomaly with an example of an intra-rainfall event on Oct. 24, 2015. Stream Cl− behaved nonconservative during rainfall events, temporal variation of Cl− indicated a flush and washout at the onset of small rainfall events, a dilution but still high concentration pattern in high discharge and old water dominated in regression flow period. This study indicates rainfall intensity affects runoff responses in a semi-arid catchment, and the stored water in the thick, loess covered areas was less connected with stream runoff. Solute transport may threaten water quality in the area, requiring further analysis of the performance of the eco-restoration project. 相似文献
2.
本文简介海南省1:5万坝王岭、猴狝岭幅区域地质调查的地球化学简单分段法在地层划分中的应用。根据对下古生界变质岩与白垩系红层两条地层实测剖面的地球化学资料整理,用简单分段法进行划分、其效果较好。它的地球化学组分基本能反映原始沉积物的特点和其沉积环境,且与岩石地层的划分相互印证。 相似文献
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A new multidimensional scaling (MS) technique, referred to as the Pijk model, is formulated on the basis of associations among triple objects (samples or variables), instead of pairs of objects as used in the usual MS methods, such as factor analysis. The computational scheme provided for this method is the reduction of an original problem to a standard eigenvalue-eigenvector problem. The major goal of the technique is simplification and reduction of data structures and the rescaling of original objects into a new and reduced space, so that patterns and relations of the original objects can be conventiently examined in two-dimensional factor plots. The Pïjk method is illustrated and tested by using a set of geochemical data related to the epithermal gold and silver vein deposits in the Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California. The characteristics of element associations suggested in the Pijk analysis are consistent with field observations. A preliminary comparison between the new method and the ordinary factor analysis also is made on the basis of the same data set. Results are encouraging in that analysis by the Pijk model captures triple-object associations that might be missed by the ordinary factor analysis which considers only pair-variable correlations 相似文献
5.
氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法直接测定地球化学样品中痕量碲 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,以Fe3+作减缓剂,不需分离富集,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法直接测定地球化学样品中痕量碲。对测定介质、KBH4浓度、铁盐的作用等条件进行试验。方法检出限为0.0031μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)<6.10%。方法用于国家一级地球化学标准物质中痕量碲的测定,结果与标准值一致。 相似文献
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随着表面热离子质谱(TIMS)和多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的广泛应用以及同位素分析方法的改进,近10年来非传统稳定同位素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Se、Mo、Cr、Hg等)的研究得到迅速发展.其中,由于Mo同位素的分馏明显受氧化还原条件的控制,使其在指示古环境及古气候的变化方面有独特的地球化学指示意义.同时,Mo同位素在指示成矿物质来源和海洋Mo循环等方面也取得较大成果.因此,Mo同位素地球化学研究已成为国际地学领域的一个前沿和热点.本文综合前人的研究成果,结合近期自己的工作,论述了Mo同位素地球化学研究领域的一些重要进展,详细介绍了Mo同位素的化学分离、提纯和质谱分析技术,并对其应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
8.
区域性与国家性的地球化学填图已取得进展,如何在可期待的未来以极低密度采样获得周期表内大多数元素在全球的分布,有赖于对填图理念的更新及采样介质、采样部署与采样方法研究的进展。英国Webb等发现在数平方千米至数十平方千米汇水盆地之河口采集水系沉积物样品,其分析结果可大致逼近其上游汇水盆地内土壤中元素之平均值。挪威及中国的研究工作表明在更大河流(其汇水盆地达数百、数千以至数万平方千米)的河口采样,这一规律依旧适用。看来,这种分形规律还可进一步延展至世界上一些汇水盆地达数十万至百万以上平方千米的主要入海河口,但这方面尚需作更多的研究。在这种新的填图理念指导下,提出了为实现全球地球化学填图的短期研究与试点计划和长期全面实现之规划。 相似文献
9.
1986年11月—1987年5月,在中国第三次南极考察和环球科学考察期间,收集了58个海洋气溶胶样品,采用中子活化法分析了Al,V,Mn,I,Br,Mg,Na,Cl等元素。应用因子分析、回归分析和富集因子分析对气溶胶中元素进行分类、定量评估和来源判别,讨论不同来源元素的特征,计算各主要来源的贡献分量。结果表明,海洋气溶胶中Al的99.99%是来自陆源地壳风化物,Na的99.2%。和Cl的99.99%是来自海水,V的91.4%。来自陆源污染物。因此,Al可作为海洋气溶胶中陆源地壳风化物的示踪元素,Na和Cl可作为海水源示踪元素,非地壳源的V则可选择为陆源污染物的示踪元素。 相似文献
10.
Spatial variability in the primary productivity in the East China Sea and its adjacent waters 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Primary productivity in the East China Sea and its adjacent area was measured by the13C tracer method during winter, summer and fall in 1993 and 1994. The depth-integrated primary productivity in the Kuroshio
Current ranged from 220 to 350 mgC m−2d−1, and showed little seasonal variability. High primary productivity (above 570 mgC m−2d−1) was measured at the center of the continental shelf throughout the observation period. The productivity at the station nearest
to the Changjiang estuary exhibited a distinctive seasonal change from 68 to 1,500 mgC m−2d−1. Depth-integrated primary productivity was 2.7 times higher in the shelf area than the rates at the Kuroshio Current. High
chlorophyll-a specific productivity (mgC mgChl.-a−2d−1) throughout the euphotic zone was mainly found in the shelf area rather than off-shelf area, probably due to higher nutrient
availability and higher activity of phytoplankton at the subsurface layer in the shelf area. 相似文献