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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):321-326
A regret frequently expressed at International Geographical Congresses concerns the lack of summary information about the nature of geographic research in the host country. During a discussion of this point with members of the Association of Japanese Geographers, the idea of publishing a series of reports on various aspects of Japanese research surfaced. The concept was later enthusiastically supported by the United States National Committee for the International Geographical Union. This first report, “Historical Geography in Japan,” has been modified for the benefit of the English-speaking readers of THE PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER. Although the reports will be of particular interest to those planning to attend the 1980 IGC in Tokyo, they should prove of general interest as well.—H. Jesse Walker, Member, U.S. National Committee, IGU. 相似文献
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Zhixiang Fang Shih-Lung Shaw Shunqing Chen Bi Yu Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):741-764
Local search heuristics for very large-scale vehicle routing problems (VRPs) have made remarkable advances in recent years. However, few local search heuristics have focused on the use of the spatial neighborhood in Voronoi diagrams to improve local searches. Based on the concept of a k-ring shaped Voronoi neighbor, we propose a Voronoi spatial neighborhood-based search heuristic and algorithm to solve very large-scale VRPs. In this algorithm, k-ring Voronoi neighbors of a customer are limited to building and updating local routings, and rearranging local routings with improper links. This algorithm was evaluated using four sets of benchmark tests for 200–8683 customers. Solutions were compared with specific examples in the literature, such as the one-depot VRP. This algorithm produced better solutions than some of the best-known benchmark VRP solutions and requires less computational time. The algorithm outperformed previous methods used to solve very large-scale, real-world distance constrained capacitated VRP. 相似文献
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互联网的发展要求提供个性化的网络地图自动制图服务。文中运用Web Servers和专家知识库耦合技术研究面向需求的启发式网络地图自动制图原理和方法,该方法将不同用户的网络地图需求视为对地理空间信息一系列的启发式再识别过程,提取出相应的需求参数建立用户兴趣模型,并运用相关算法实现数据的加载以及对地理实体的符号化表示。实践表明,该系统实例可以改善互联网上面向用户需求的个性化网络地图自动制图服务。 相似文献
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Heuristic approaches for mine planning and production scheduling 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mark Gershon 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1987,5(1):1-13
Summary Traditional methods and opimization methods for mine planning and production scheduling have failed to provide easy to use tools that yield improved results. Two new approaches, each combining the best of the traditional and the optimization, are described. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):267-274
Abstract The value of GIS within school curricula seems well perceived but ill-substantiated. This paper discusses the role of GIS in the development of higher order thinking skills and in motivating student learning. It then reports on attitudinal surveys undertaken before and after student exposure to GIS-related tasks. The tasks formed part of four subjects within three year levels. Data were collected from 109 students from two schools. Individual survey items were evaluated using a t-test for paired means and a two-tailed test for significance. Weighted average responses for the five constructs being surveyed were calculated. Attitudinal improvements were found in three of these: perceived usefulness of computers, perceived control of computers and behavioural attitude to computers. The weighted average declined for the remaining two constructs: attitude to subject and affective attitude toward computers. These data suggest that GIS influences student ability to utilise higher level thinking skills within a context of enhanced relevance. 相似文献
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The classical geographic research problem of regionalization and resource allocation is most commonly tackled by means of location-allocation methods. This paper introduces the spatial-order method as an alternative for creating regions or clusters. The spatial-order method utilizes space-filling curves, also known as Peano curves, to determine the nearness or spatial order of areal units, such as counties. Given a capacity constraint, the areal units are grouped consecutively according to their spatial order values. We applied the method to create clusters of rural counties for a national sampling survey of HIV/AIDS patients in the United States. Using the criteria that each cluster had approximately 50 new AIDS cases in 1991–1993 and that contiguity of areal units was maximized, 226 clusters were created from the 1,853 rural counties or health districts. The rural clusters generated by this method have been adopted as the national rural sampling frame in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS) being undertaken by RAND. In addition to its simplicity and fast computational speed, the spatial-order method produces satisfactory results. With minor modifications, this method can be an efficient alternative to the location-allocation method for solving a wide variety of locational problems, such as routing, political districting, and facilities location and allocation. This paper also demonstrates how a classical geographic research methodology, with the enhancement of GIS, can contribute to the multidisciplinary study of a pressing societal problem in our nation. 相似文献
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This paper introduces a new p-regions model called the Network-Max-P-Regions (NMPR) model. The NMPR is a regionalization model that aims to aggregate n areas into the maximum number of regions (max-p) that satisfy a threshold constraint and to minimize the heterogeneity while taking into account the influence of a street network. The exact formulation of the NMPR is presented, and a heuristic solution is proposed to effectively compute the near-optimized partitions in several simulation datasets and a case study in Wuhan, China. 相似文献
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Grant McKenzie Mary Hegarty Trevor Barrett Michael Goodchild 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(2):221-239
Many techniques have been proposed for visualizing uncertainty in geospatial data. Previous empirical research on the effectiveness of visualizations of geospatial uncertainty has focused primarily on user intuitions rather than objective measures of performance when reasoning under uncertainty. Framed in the context of Google’s blue dot, we examined the effectiveness of four alternative visualizations for representing positional uncertainty when reasoning about self-location data. Our task presents a mobile mapping scenario in which GPS satellite location readings produce location estimates with varying levels of uncertainty. Given a known location and two smartphone estimates of that known location, participants were asked to judge which smartphone produces the better location reading, taking uncertainty into account. We produced visualizations that vary by glyph type (uniform blue circle with border vs. Gaussian fade) and visibility of a centroid dot (visible vs. not visible) to produce the four visualization formats. Participants viewing the uniform blue circle are most likely to respond in accordance with the actual probability density of points sampled from bivariate normal distributions and additionally respond most rapidly. Participants reported a number of simple heuristics on which they based their judgments, and consistency with these heuristics was highly predictive of their judgments. 相似文献
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