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Babar A. Shah 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1553-1561
Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP) (Uttar Pradesh–Bihar) have influenced groundwater
arsenic contamination. Arsenic contaminated aquifers are pervasive within narrow entrenched channels and flood plains (T0-Surface) of fine-grained grey to black coloured argillaceous organic rich Holocene sediments (Newer Alluvium). Contaminated
aquifers are often located close to distribution of abandoned or existing channels and swamps. The Pleistocene Older Alluvium
upland terraces (T2-Surface) made up of oxidized yellowish brown sediments with calcareous and ferruginous concretions and the aquifers within
it are free of arsenic contamination. MGP sediments are mainly derived from the Himalaya with minor inputs from the Peninsular
India. The potential source of arsenic in MGP is mainly from the Himalaya. The contaminated aquifers in the Terai belt of
Nepal are closely comparable in nature and age to those of the MGP. Arsenic was transported from disseminated sources as adsorbed
on dispersed phases of hydrated-iron-oxidea and later on released to groundwater mainly by reductive dissolution of hydrated-iron-oxide
and corresponding oxidation of organic matter in aquifer. Strong reducing nature of groundwater is indicated by high concentration
of dissolved iron (11.06 mg/l). Even within the arsenic-affected areas, dugwells are found to be arsenic safe due to oxyginated
nature. 相似文献
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The New England coast harbours a wide variety of barrier forms, which we organize into six barrier-coastline types. The barriers develop in response to the relative importance of several spatially and temporally variable parameters, particularly antecedent topography and geology, sediment abundance and size, exposure to wave and tidal energy and sea-level history. The six coastline types can also be identified in other paraglacial regions. Existing barrier-coastline classification schemes do not allow consistent subdivision of paraglacial barrier coasts. This paper presents a new scheme that is applicable to paraglacial and non-paraglacial barrier coasts alike. Aside from hydrodynamic regime, which forms the basis of the barrier classification most commonly used to date, it includes a compartmentalization factor. Sediment-starved ‘isolated’ (‘type 1’) barrier coastlines are characterized by short, widely spaced barriers. Small, localized updrift and offshore sources have provided sediment for short barriers along ‘clustered headland-separated’ (‘type 2’) barrier coastlines. Various amounts of sediment from larger updrift and offshore glaciofluvial deposits or directly from rivers have formed the longer barriers along ‘wave-dominated mainland-segmented’ (‘type 3a’), ‘mixed-energy mainland-segmented’ (‘type 3b’), ‘wave-dominated inlet-segmented’ (‘type 4a’) and ‘mixed-energy inlet-segmented’ (‘type 4b’) barrier coastlines. Geomorphic form, grain size and stratigraphy can be used to characterize individual barriers along barrier coastlines. Most paraglacial barriers form as spits, but many are transformed subsequently. Welded barriers are common along ‘type 1’ and ‘type 2’ coasts. Baymouth barriers are characteristic of ‘type 3’ coasts, and barrier islands occur exclusively along ‘type 4’ coasts. The coarsest grained barriers are located along ‘type 1’ and ‘type 2’ coasts. Progradational barrier sections are concentrated along ‘type 3’ and ‘type 4’ coasts with abundant sediment supply, but are also present along ‘type 2’ coasts. Temporary increases in sediment supply, common in paraglacial regions, result in transitions between retrogradational and progradational barrier behaviour, which may be recognized on shore-perpendicular stratigraphic cross-sections. 相似文献
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Eva Mencin Gale Petra Jam&#x;ek Rupnik Mirka Trajanova Milo&#x; Bavec Flavio S. Anselmetti Andrej &#x;muc 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(8):633-649
This study focuses on the Plio‐Pleistocene fluvial deposits preserved in the terrace staircases in the south‐eastern Alpine foreland of the Mislinja (MV) and Upper Savinja valleys (USV) in northern Slovenia. The area is located at the north‐eastern margin of the Adria microplate, where neotectonic activity is the prevailing driving force for the terrace formation. The aim of this study is to determine the morphostratigraphy and provenance of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene gravels using geomorphic and clast lithological analysis. The established morphostratigraphic framework encompasses three terraces in the MV and five terraces in the USV. Due to the lack of age‐relevant data, the morphostratigraphy of the MV and USV is based on the results of geomorphic analysis, clast petrography and data from the literature. Low‐level, middle‐level and high‐level terrace groups were tentatively attributed to the Late and Middle Pleistocene, Early Pleistocene–Pliocene and Pliocene, and compared with the traditional Quaternary stratigraphy of the Alpine foreland. The results of the clast lithological analysis revealed major provenance areas. Moreover, the evolution of long‐term drainage from the Miocene onward was inferred, which suggests that the system reached conformity with the present‐day drainage pattern at the Miocene to Plio‐Pleistocene transition. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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根据岩石地层学与地貌地层学特征，将江西修水地区的第四系划分为５个岩石地层单位。由老到新为：①赣县组为一套暗红色强风化砾石层，组成修水河第五级阶地，形成时代大于１０ＭａＢＰ；②进贤组分上、下两段。下段为棕红色强网纹化红土和砂砾层，组成第四级河流阶地；上段为一套褐红色网纹化亚粘土与砂、砂砾石组合，组成第三级阶地。进贤组形成的年龄大致为０９～０１ＭａＢＰ；③莲塘组岩性以厚层的褐黄色砂砾石层与薄层亚砂土为主，组成第二级阶地，中上部ＯＳＬ年龄为６５０×１０３ａＢＰ；④联圩组为褐灰、黄灰色砂砾、砂及亚砂土，组成第一级阶地，中部的Ｃ１４年龄为８０×１０３ａＢＰ；⑤赣江组为灰白色粗砂砾石层，顶部发育薄层灰色亚砂土。 相似文献
5.
Arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh is a serious environmental problem. Contamination
is extensive in the low-lying areas of Bhagirathi–Ganga delta, located mainly to the east of the Bhagirathi River. A few isolated
As-contaminated areas occur west of the Bhagirathi River and over the lower parts of the Damodar river fan-delta. The Damodar
being a Peninsular Indian river, the arsenic problem is not restricted to Himalayan rivers alone. Arsenic contamination in
the Bengal Delta is confined to the Holocene Younger Delta Plain and the alluvium that was deposited around 10,000–7,000 years
bp, under combined influence of the Holocene sea-level rise and rapid erosion in the Himalaya. Further, contaminated areas are
often located close to distribution of abandoned or existing channels, swamps, which are areas of surface water and biomass
accumulation. Extensive extraction of groundwater mainly from shallow aquifers cause recharge from nearby surface water bodies.
Infiltration of recharge water enriched in dissolved organic matter derived either from recently accumulated biomass and/or
from sediment organic matter enhanced reductive dissolution of hydrated iron oxide that are present mainly as sediment grain
coatings in the aquifers enhancing release of sorbed arsenic to groundwater. 相似文献
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