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The authors identify and describe the following global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate: (1) solar radiation as a dominant external energy supplier to the Earth, (2) outgassing as a major supplier of gases to the World Ocean and the atmosphere, and, possibly, (3) microbial activities generating and consuming atmospheric gases at the interface of lithosphere and atmosphere. The writers provide quantitative estimates of the scope and extent of their corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. Quantitative comparison of the scope and extent of the forces of nature and anthropogenic influences on the Earth’s climate is especially important at the time of broad-scale public debates on current global warming. The writers show that the human-induced climatic changes are negligible. 相似文献
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The crustal fluid evolution and the causes of earthquakes(Ⅲ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐常芳 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,(2)
Ｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔａｌｆｌｕｉｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ（Ⅲ）ＣＨＡＮＧ－ＦＡＮＧＸＵ（徐常芳）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００... 相似文献
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Water Self-Softening Processes at Waterfall Sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Dian ZHANG 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(5):1154-1161
Many rivers in tropical and subtropical karst regions are supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 and have high water hardness. After flowing through waterfall sites, river water is usually softened, accompanied by tufa formation, which is simply described as a result of water turbulence in fast-flowing water. In this paper, a series of laboratory experiments are designed to simulate the hydrological conditions at waterfall sites. The influences of air-water interface, water flow velocity, aeration and solid-water interface on water softening are compared and evaluated on a quantitative basis. The results show that the enhanced inorganic CO2 outgassing due to sudden hydrological changes occurring at waterfall sites is the principal cause of water softening at waterfall sites. Both air-water interface area and water flow velocity increase as a result of the "aeration effect", "low pressure effect" and "jet-flow effect" at waterfall sites, which greatly accelerates CO2 outgassing and therefore makes natural w 相似文献
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地球排气作用——建立整体地球科学的一条统纲 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
通过研究发现 ,现在可以用地球排气作用作为一条统纲 ,把原来分散的地球科学各个分支学科和谐地串联成为一个整体地球科学巨系统。地球排气的实质是幔汁 (HACONS超临界态流体 )从深部自发向上、向外的辐射排放 ,结果形成了地球内外的 5个气圈和气体地球动力学 ,幔汁上涌后通过碱交代作用产生蚀变和岩浆并促使原来为固体的上地幔、地壳发生溃变 ,在地球的 3个基本动力 ,即重力、地球自转变速、圈层旋转差速和天体 (主要是月球 )潮汐力联合作用的大前提下诱发出大地构造运动、地球演化和自然灾害。没有幔汁活动就没有壳幔运动。笔者初步认为 ,对现有流行的众多理论和结论都需要重新加以怀疑和再审鉴。否则 ,地球科学难以向前发展。我们今后不仅需要单科的或局域的岩石学家、地球化学家、大地构造学家、气象学家、海洋学家等 ,另外还需要有一大批整体地球科学家。 相似文献
5.
Chang-Fang Xu 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(2):173-180
This paper is the third one of a series of three papers on the fluid evolution of the crust-upper mantle and the causes of
earthquakes. Based on the last two papers, a model of the crustal resistivity structure and the deep-seated fluid evolution
is presented, and also a seismogeny theory is set up, which is called the potential-kinetic energy transformation model. In
this model, the crustal deep-seated fluid evolution is considered to take the most important effect on the seismogenic process.
Taking the Tangshan M7.8 earthquake of 1976 as an example, the earthquakes occurred in a pull-apart rifting basin are analyzed, and finally the
crust outgassing in the seismogenic processes is discussed, referring to the here-presented theory of seismogeny.
This paper is supported by the Eight Five-Year Target of the State Seismological Bureau, China. 相似文献
6.
济阳坳陷溶解气运移释放成藏机理与模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油溶释放气是济阳坳陷中浅层天然气的重要来源。文中应用盆地模拟技术 ,确定了济阳坳陷烃源岩大约在 390 0m进入大量生气窗。该坳陷烃源岩埋深较浅 ,以生油为主 ,仅在洼陷的中心进入大量生气窗 ,在此基础上阐明了油溶释放气是济阳坳陷中浅层天然气的重要来源。并从油溶解气的模型出发 ,结合油气藏实测数据 ,确定了油溶解气起始脱气点的计算方法 ,建立了典型的脱气模式。认为济阳坳陷油溶解气的起始脱气深度大约在 170 0～ 2 0 0 0m之间 ,埋深小于起始脱气深度 ,可形成气层气、气顶气和夹层气等天然气藏 ;埋深在起始脱气深度至 390 0m之间 ,气藏在油中处于欠饱和状态 ,以溶解气赋存形式为主 ;深度大于 390 0m ,烃源岩才开始进入大量游离气生成阶段 ,可形成深层原生气藏 相似文献
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济阳坳陶深解气运移释放藏机理与模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
油深释放气是济阳坳陷中浅层天然气的重要来源,文中应用盆地模拟技术,确定了注是阳坳陷烃源岩大约在３９００ｍ进入大量生气窗。该坳陷烃源岩埋深较浅,以生油为主,仅在洼陷的中心进入大量生气窗,在此基础上阐明了油深释放气是济阳坳陷中浅层天然气的重要来源,并从油深解气的模型出发,结合油气藏实测数据,确定了油溶解气起始脱气点的计算方法,建立了典型的脱气模式。认为济阳坳陷油溶解气的起始脱气深度大约在１７００～２０００ｍ之间,埋深小于起始脱气深度,可形成气层气、气顶气和夹层气等天然气藏;埋深在起始脱气深度至３９００ｍ之间,气藏在油中处于欠饱和状态,以深解气赋存形式为主;深度大于３９００ｍ,烃源岩才开始进入大量游离气生成阶段,可形成深层原生气藏。 相似文献
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四川汶川大地震给人们留下诸多困惑:大地震究竟是如何发生的,大地震能否避免?本文根据松潘--甘孜褶皱带的深部地壳构造特征表明:松潘--甘孜褶皱带的茂县(1933年)、松潘--平武(1976年)、汶川(2008年)大地震震源深度与中地壳低速、高导层深度大体一致,可能成因上相关.历史上一些大地震如银川地震、海原地震、渭南地震、海城地震、唐山地震等也均与中地壳低速、高导层有关,这一切均可能与地球排气作用有关.而通过地震、森林大火、油气资源的一体化勘查,可查明地震可能发生的区域.通过油气的勘查、开发、排放,可有效减少地震发生的可能性. 相似文献
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