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A paleobathymetric Bayes estimator, based on a uniform prior distribution of foraminiferal species over the depth range from 0 to 5000 m, is developed and calibrated from the occurrence of 35 species of foraminifera from present day sites on the Pacific and Indian Ocean seafloors. The species are grouped into 12 clusters in order to more nearly satisfy the independence assumptions of the model. Objective depth-independent criteria are developed for ruling certain samples inadmissible for estimation. The accuracy of the estimator is assessed by comparing estimated and measured depths for the admissible calibration samples, yielding a mean absolute error of estimation of between 300 and 400 m. The depth estimator is applied to foraminifera-bearing Miocene samples from the Hokuroku district of Japan, where paleobathymetric depths of between 3000 and 4000 m are indicated at the time of massive sulfide ore formation. 相似文献
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A late Paleocene‐early Eocene (c. 60–53 Ma) poriferan fauna, comprising hexactinellids (Class Hexactinellida), astrophorids (Class Demospongiae: Family Astrophorida), and lithistids ("lithistid” Demospongiae) has been identified from the Tutuiri Greensand outcropping on the north coast of Chatham Island, New Zealand. Most of the fossils are hexactinellids, comprising extremely delicate siliceous networks embedded in friable sandstone. The sediment matrix within and around these skeletons contains numerous siliceous demosponge spicules, many of which are exceptionally well preserved. The soft friable matrix of the Tutuiri Greensand has made extraction a relatively simple process, making taxonomic identification of the material, and comparison with adjacent Recent and other New Zealand Eocene faunas possible. These sponge body fossils and spicule microfossils indicate a fauna that was once dominated by hexactinellids, lithistid, and astrophorid demosponges. A qualitative comparison of the abundance and diversity of the Tutuiri Greensand sponge fauna with the present‐day Chatham Rise sponge fauna indicates that the late Paleocene‐early Eocene fauna is as diverse as the Recent fauna, for the hexactinellid sponges and astrophorid demosponges, and much more diverse for lithistid sponges. The paleoecology of the Tutuiri Greensand has been interpreted as inner to mid shelf water depths (50–250 m) but the poriferan fauna described here is more like that of the present‐day soft sediment benthic environment of the Chatham Rise at 800–1200 m. 相似文献
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V.F. Grishkevich 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(2):157-167
Abnormal zones of the Bazhenov Formation originated in the Neocomian as a result of protobazhenite reworking by submarine slide and slump waste wedgings, which eroded and deformed slope toe protobazhenite. But gas hydrate (GH) cementation might restrict the rock ability for plastic deformation. The conditions for GH thermodynamic stability in protobazhenites are inferred from reconstructions of paleogeographic and paleo-oceanic evironments. Joint analysis of Neocomian marine paleodepths and deep water paleotemperatures provides an explanation of the Bazhenov abnormal-zone extension. 相似文献
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Reconstructing the Younger Dryas ice dammed lake in the Baltic Basin: Bathymetry, area and volume 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Martin Jakobsson Svante Bjrck Gran Alm Thomas Andrn Greger Lindeberg Nils-Olof Svensson 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,57(3-4):355-370
A digital 3D-reconstruction of the Baltic Ice Lake's (BIL) configuration during the termination of the Younger Dryas cold phase (ca. 11 700 cal. yr BP) was compiled using a combined bathymetric–topographic Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Scandinavian ice sheet limits, Baltic Sea Holocene bottom sediment thickness information, and a paleoshoreline database maintained at the Lund University. The bathymetric–topographic DTM, assembled from publicly available data sets, has a resolution of 500 × 500 m on Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection allowing area and volume calculations of the BIL to be made with an unprecedented accuracy. When the damming Scandinavian ice sheet margin eventually retreated north of Mount Billingen, the high point in terrain of Southern central Sweden bordering to lower terrain further to the north, the BIL was catastrophically drained resulting in a 25 m drop of the lake level. With our digital reconstruction, we estimate that approximately 7800 km3 of water drained during this event and that the ice dammed lake area was reduced by ca. 18%. Building on previous results suggesting drainage over 1 to 2 years, our lake volume calculations imply that the freshwater flux to the contemporaneous sea in the west was between about 0.12 and 0.25 Sv. The BIL reconstruction provides new detailed information on the paleogeography in the area of southern Scandinavia, both before and after the drainage event, with implications for interpretations of geological records concerning the post-glacial environmental development. 相似文献
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基于滨线轨迹的古水深定量计算新方法①--以古近系沙三中段东营三角洲为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
古水深确定是沉积学分析中难点问题,目前主要依据“标志物-水深”的定性-半定量方法确定,但存在原始样品获取难、预测精度低等诸多问题。该方法依据滨线轨迹迁移规律获取在点物源背景条件下一个三级层序内可容纳空间与沉积物供给速率之间变化关系或定量函数,进而采用回剥法和正演法相结合获取不同点原始沉积物厚度和相应的可容空间,其中回剥法获取每个单元原始沉积厚度,正演法获取每个单元随沉积物覆盖后顶层可容空间增量。三角洲平原区为补偿区,其原始沉积物厚度等于可容纳空间增量,三角洲前缘区为欠补偿区,其水深等于可容空间增量与原始沉积物厚度之差。这一新方法不仅考虑到不同点构造沉降差异,而且还考虑了三级层序内沉积物供给速率的变化趋势,因而,较为准确地预测三角洲区的古水深变化。该方法成功地应用于东营地区三角洲沉积区水深变化,该区沙三中（Es3-2）共发育9期进积体,最大水深为180 m,出现于t3时刻。该方法揭示了9期三角洲朵体发育时期水深变化,为该区沉积体空间展布预测提供了有效的定量预测方法。 相似文献
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