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假玻状岩研究的新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了假玻状岩研究的主要进展，假玻状岩形成的磨擦熔融机制与机械磨碎机制实际上不是过去所认为的是两种互相排斥的机制，而是在假玻状岩形成过程中两个密切相关的阶段，磨碎作用是熔融发生的必要的前提条件；假玻状岩不仅可以形成于脆性域（与碎裂岩相关），而且可以形成于脆韧性过渡区（与糜棱岩相关），形成的最大深度可达１８ｋｍ；假玻状岩是围岩中矿物选择性熔融的产物，矿物优先熔融的顺序（从易到难）为：层状硅酸盐、链状 相似文献
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The article describes the characteristics of the Yagan metamorphic core complex, especially the associated detachment fault and various extensional structures in its footwall. The age of the complex is discussed in some detail as well. The basic features of the Yagan metamorphic complex (Jurassic in age) are similar to those of the metamorphic core complex (Tertiary in age) in the Cordilleran area; they are as follows: (a) mylonitic gneisses in the footwall, (b) chloritized sheared mylonitic rocks, (c) pseudotachylites and flinty cataclasites or microbreccias, (d) unmetamorphosed or epimetamorphic rocks in the hanging wall with a layer of fault gouges or incohesive fault breccia next to the detachment fault. In contrast to its Cordilleran counterpart, however, there are many extensional faults with different styles (from dactile low-angle normal faults through brittle-ductile to brittle high-angle normal faults)in the footwall. 相似文献
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新疆富蕴可可托海—二台断裂带中假玄武玻璃及其围岩的年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
发育在新疆富蕴可可托海—二台断裂带中的假玄武玻璃是古地震断裂快速滑移形成的构造岩。地质产状、显微构造研究表明,这些假玄武玻璃主要由发生重结晶的玻璃质熔融体形成。假玄武玻璃基质的全岩40Ar/39Ar阶段升温方法主阶段和KAr年龄分别为282.8±3.8 Ma和276.4±7.4 Ma。假玄武玻璃所在母岩（黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩）的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为390.4±1.0 Ma和396.3±0.1 Ma,表明二台断裂带中的假玄武玻璃是在二叠世早期形成的,也说明二台断裂带古地震活动至少可以追溯到晚古生代（早二叠世早期）。尽管二台断裂带是现今仍然活动的地震构造带,但目前所见到的假玄武玻璃是早二叠世时期古地震活动的产物。1931年的富蕴80级地震仅仅是沿着二台断裂带发生的多次构造活动的一次活动,与假玄武玻璃之间没有成因上的联系。 相似文献
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The metamorphic history of the Vredefort dome at approximately 2 Ga as revealed by coesite-stishovite-bearing pseudotachylites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. E. J. MARTINI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(4):517-527
The Vredefort dome (2.0 Ga) represents the central uplift of a very large impact structure. This uplift exposed a nearly complete cross-section through the continental crust in the region, which is 25–30 km thick. Two metamorphic events took place at about the same time as the impact. The first event, so-called static metamorphism, is pre-impact and produced lithologies varying from low-grade shale to high-grade hornfels. It resembles contact metamorphism by its lack of schistosity, but is more regional as it extends over a large area and is not associated with large intrusions.
The second event, the post-shock metamorphism, is responsible for the recrystallization of the shock features. The investigation of this event has been focused on the degree of alteration of the coesite-stishovite-bearing pseudotachylite veins that formed during the transit of the shock wave. These high-pressure silica polymorphs are only present in the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence; downward they have been converted to fibrous quartz. At the highest grade, the fibrous quartz is in turn replaced by triple-junctioned mosaic quartz. The post-shock metamorphism was generated by the heat of the rock before shock, plus the heat released by the shock wave. The isograds, plotted on a map, can be translated into depth of burial and therefore provide valuable information regarding the geological setting immediately before impact. At the time of impact, the rocks were relatively cool and the static metamorphism had ceased with several tens of millions of years separating the two metamorphic events. The static metamorphism was probably caused by continental crustal extension in a stress-free environment and the lack of deformation is probably due to rapid uplift during the later stages of the impact event. 相似文献
The second event, the post-shock metamorphism, is responsible for the recrystallization of the shock features. The investigation of this event has been focused on the degree of alteration of the coesite-stishovite-bearing pseudotachylite veins that formed during the transit of the shock wave. These high-pressure silica polymorphs are only present in the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence; downward they have been converted to fibrous quartz. At the highest grade, the fibrous quartz is in turn replaced by triple-junctioned mosaic quartz. The post-shock metamorphism was generated by the heat of the rock before shock, plus the heat released by the shock wave. The isograds, plotted on a map, can be translated into depth of burial and therefore provide valuable information regarding the geological setting immediately before impact. At the time of impact, the rocks were relatively cool and the static metamorphism had ceased with several tens of millions of years separating the two metamorphic events. The static metamorphism was probably caused by continental crustal extension in a stress-free environment and the lack of deformation is probably due to rapid uplift during the later stages of the impact event. 相似文献
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前人对河台金矿中的假玄武玻璃早有报道,但是因为未认识到其与成矿的关系而被忽视。在前人发现的糜棱岩中假玄武玻璃的基础上,本次研究又发现了三种其他岩性中的假玄武玻璃。河台金矿中的假玄武玻璃呈黑色脉状、网脉状和树枝状贯穿于糜棱岩化片岩、糜棱岩、混合岩和矿体中。本研究结合野外宏观特征和室内的岩相学微观特征,运用粉晶X射线衍射、全岩地球化学和Ar-Ar同位素等实验分析手段,比较了河台金矿不同地质体中假玄武玻璃岩脉的特征。研究发现假玄武玻璃脉体中存在树枝状微晶结构和碎屑颗粒的港湾结构,同时也含有碎裂成因的石英、长石,表明其成因以同震断层的摩擦熔融为主,并伴随有少量碎裂化。通过计算得出假玄武玻璃样品中结晶态的各类矿物含量为石英53.3%、伊利石20.5%、高岭石17.3%、钾长石8.9%。假玄武玻璃与围岩都具有富SiO_2和Al_2O_3,富K_2O贫Na_2O,低MgO和Fe_2O_3~T的地球化学特征。两者的稀土元素配分型式也非常相似,都显示轻稀土富集和中等程度的负Eu异常(δEu=0.51～0.71)。假玄武玻璃的显微构造和地球化学特征指示其主要是由围岩原地熔融形成的,形成深度在6～18 km。我们认为河台金矿的假玄武玻璃可以指示云开大山抬升过程中伴随着地震的发生,同时,假玄武玻璃脉体在空间上切穿矿体,因此假玄武玻璃的40Ar/39Ar年龄123.3±1.0 Ma可以作为河台金矿的成矿年龄上限。 相似文献
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Abstract The article describes the characteristics of the Yagan metamorphic core complex, especially the associated detachment fault and various extensional structures in its footwall. The age of the complex is discussed in some detail as well. The basic features of the Yagan metamorphic complex (Jurassic in age) are similar to those of the metamorphic core complex (Tertiary in age) in the Cordilleran area; they are as follows: (a) mylonitic gneisses in the footwall, (b) chloritized sheared mylonitic rocks, (c) pseudotachylites and flinty cataclasites or microbreccias, (d) unmetamorphosed or epimetamorphic rocks in the hanging wall with a layer of fault gouges or incohesive fault breccia next to the detachment fault. In contrast to its Cordilleran counterpart, however, there are many extensional faults with different styles (from dactile low-angle normal faults through brittle — ductile to brittle high — angle normal faults) in the footwall. 相似文献
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LIU Jianmin DONG Shuwen ZHANG Jiasheng LIU Xiaochun CHEN Bailin Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Beijing Institute of Geology Chinese Seismological Bureau Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):52-60
Recent field survey in the eastern Dabieshan Mountains has revealed extensive occurrences of pseudotachylite. The pseudotachylite tends to occur as simple veins and injected networks along the NE-SW-trending fracture zones or shear zones, which are parallel to the Tanlu fault zone and cut all the pre-Cretaceous geological bodies. The characteristics of both the microstructures gained by the optical microscope and SEM imaging and the geochemistry between the pseudotachylites and their host rocks show that the pseudotachylites were formed mainly by ultracataclasis of their wall rocks in which they occur. The bulk K-Ar ages of the pseudotachylites yielded a narrow range of 81 -93 Ma, and moreover the laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar dating of phengite overprinting on the pseudotachylite gave a weighted mean age of 78.9 Ma. These results show that the pseudotachylites from the eastern Dabieshan Mountains formed along the NE-SW-trending fault zone during the uplifting of the orogenic belt at 80-90 Ma, which places impor 相似文献
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Leonardo Casini Matteo Maino Antonio Langone Giacomo Oggiano Stefania Corvò Joan Reche Estrada Montserrat Liesa 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2023,41(1):25-57
The Variscan high-grade metamorphic basement of northern Sardinia and southern Corsica record lower Carboniferous anatexis related to post-collisional decompression of the orogen. Migmatites exposed in the Punta Bianca locality (Italy) consist of quartz + biotite + plagioclase + K-feldspar orthogneisses, garnet and cordierite-bearing diatexite and metatexites, derived from metasediments. Field evidence, petrographic observations, ELA-ICP-MS zircon and monazite dating and pseudosection modelling suggest that anatexis was apparently episodic involving two main stages of partial melting. Using pseudosection modelling, we infer that the first stage of partial melting is in the upper amphibolite facies (~0.45 GPa at ~740°C). Cordierite overgrowths replacing sillimanite, combined with the composition of plagioclase and K-feldspar, suggest decompression followed cooling below the solidus at low pressures of ~0.3 GPa. The age of the first anatectic event is not precisely constrained because of extensive resetting of the isotopic systems during the second melting stage, yet few zircons preserve a lower Carboniferous age which is consistent with the regional dataset. This lower Carboniferous migmatitic fabric is offset by a network of pseudotachylyte-bearing faults suggestive of cooling to greenschist facies conditions. Garnet/cordierite-bearing diatexites incorporate fragments of pseudotachylite-bearing orthogneiss and metatexites. Pseudosection modelling indicates nearly isobaric re-heating up to ~750°C, followed by further cooling below the solidus. The inferred P–T path is consistent with decompression and cooling of the Variscan crust through post-collisional extension and collapse of the thickened orogenic crust, followed by nearly isobaric re-heating at low pressures (~0.3 GPa) yielding to a second melting stage under LP-HT conditions. U/Th-Pb monazite ages for diatexite migmatites indicate an upper bound of 310–316 Ma for the second melting stage, suggesting that the second melting stage is coincident with the regional phase of crustal shearing. The cause of the high geothermal gradient required for re-heating during the second melting stage is unknown but likely requires some heat source that was probably related to dissipation of mechanical work within crustal-scale shear zones. According to this interpretation, some upper Carboniferous peraluminous granite precursors of the Corsica–Sardinia Batholith could be the outcome rather than the cause of the late-Variscan high-T metamorphism. 相似文献