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1.
The Priest pluton contact aureole in the Manzano Mountains, central New Mexico preserves evidence for upper amphibolite contact metamorphism and localized retrograde hydrothermal alteration associated with intrusion of the 1.42 Ga Priest pluton. Quartz–garnet and quartz–sillimanite oxygen isotope fractionations in pelitic schist document an increase in the temperatures of metamorphism from 540 °C, at a distance of 1 km from the pluton, to 690 °C at the contact with the pluton. Comparison of calculated temperature estimates with one‐dimensional thermal modelling suggests that background temperatures between 300 and 350 °C existed at the time of intrusion of the Priest pluton. Fibrolite is found within 300 m of the Priest pluton in pelitic and aluminous schist metamorphosed at temperatures >580 °C. Coexisting fibrolite and garnet in pelitic schist are in oxygen isotope equilibrium, suggesting these minerals were stable reaction products during peak metamorphism. The fibrolite‐in isograd is coincident with the staurolite‐out isograd in pelitic schist, and K‐feldspar is not observed with the first occurrence of fibrolite. This suggests that the breakdown of staurolite and not the second sillimanite reaction controls fibrolite growth in staurolite‐bearing pelitic schist. Muscovite‐rich aluminous schist locally preserves the Al2SiO5 polymorph triple‐point assemblage – kyanite, andalusite and fibrolite. Andalusite and fibrolite, but not kyanite, are in isotopic equilibrium in the aluminous schist. Co‐nucleation of fibrolite and andalusite at 580 °C in the presence of muscovite and absence of K‐feldspar suggests that univariant growth of andalusite and fibrolite occurred. Kyanite growth occurred during an earlier regional metamorphic event at a temperature nearly 80 °C lower than andalusite and fibrolite growth. Quartz–muscovite fractionations in hydrothermally altered pelitic schist and quartzite are small or negative, suggesting that late isotopic exchange between externally derived fluids and muscovite, but not quartz, occurred after peak contact metamorphism and that hydrothermal alteration in pelitic schist and quartzite occurred below the closure temperature of oxygen self diffusion in quartz (<500 °C). 相似文献
2.
The microstructure of palygorskite from Longwang Mountain of Xuyu County, Jiangsu Province, was studied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX）, selected-area electron diffraction （SAED） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The average composition of the palygorskite studied is （Si7.38A10.62） （A10.96Fe^3＋ 0.62Mg2.86 0.56）Ca0.03K0.06O20（OH）2（OH2）4, which is rich in Mg. Several SAED patterns from a single crystal of palygorskite were obtained with different zone axes. The polymorphs （monoclinic and orthorhombic） are unequivocally distinguished by distant interplanar angles, even though they possess similar sets of d-values. High-resolution images of three principal zones （[010], [100] and [110]） were obtained. The lattice fringes on HRTEM images along [010] have spacings of 0.319 nm. These fringes are interpreted as periodic alterations of two tetrahedral （T） sheets and one octahedral （O） sheet （-TT-O-TT-O-）. We have directly observed trioctahedral and dioctahedral individual palygorskite particles along [100]. They are all presented as dark lines along [001], but the width of dark lines corresponding to trioctahedral crystals （0.913 nm） is twice that of the dioctahedral ones （0.456 nm）. This is because the trans.sites are occupied by cations in trioctahedral palygorskite. The width of dark lines along [110] is 1.024 nm, a bit thinner than the theoretical spacing （1.044 nm）. This is because water molecules quickly leave the structure upon the irradiation by the electron beam. 相似文献
3.
陈鸣 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(5):428-432
我国超高压矿物研究近十年来取得了重要进展.参与发现了5个超高压新矿物及若干待命名高压相,被国际矿物协会新矿物、命名与分类委员会批准和命名的超高压矿物包括涂氏磷钙石、塞石英、玲根石、谢氏超晶石、阿考寨石等.在冲击变质陨石中发现了后尖晶石结构的超高压相,即谢氏超晶石和CF相,引起了高压地质学及大地构造学界的关注.揭示了从冲击成因二氧化硅熔体中结晶的柯石英,合理地限定了冲击变质成因柯石英的形成压力温度条件,为我国首个地外天体撞击构造——岫岩陨石坑的证实提供了关键的矿物物理证据. 相似文献
4.
利用高分辨电镜研究了变质岩斜方辉石的超微结构,其中的单斜辉石多型是偶数倍0.9m宽度,并发现(001)90°和180°畴结构,它表明样品曾受到较强的挤压作用。 相似文献
5.
云南宁蒗地区菱形构造格局及其联合构造型式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
宁哀地区位于杨子准地台西缘；区域上属南北向川西一藏东构造带，其东为南北向康滇地轴，西为近南北向三江构造带。区域重磁资料反映了基底和盖层由北东向、北西向断裂系组成的区域菱形构造格局，宁蓑地区基本菱形构造格局实属其有机组成部分。因各菱形构造的边界条件及应力状态不同，在研究区内形成了各型联合构造。宁蒗东南区发育宁南菱形构造及其所决定的宁南反凸双弧联合构造。宁南反凸双弧联合构造东弧带追踪基底南北向构造所形成的包都——波罗弧形断裂．是本区重要的喜山期主于控岩控矿构造。 相似文献
6.
碳酸钙-水体系氧同位素分馏系数的低温实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
碳酸钙是古气候和沉积岩稳定同位素地球化学研究中最常用的矿物 ,因此对碳酸钙水体系氧同位素分馏系数的实验校准已成为稳定同位素地球化学诞生以来的热点和前沿课题。但由于碳酸钙在自然界存在 3种同质多象变体 (方解石、文石和六方方解石 ) ,使人们对碳酸钙矿物与水之间氧同位素分馏系数的实验测定结果存在较大差别 ,当应用到同位素地质测温时 ,会给出显著不同的温度值。正确选用合理的方解石水或文石水体系分馏曲线 ,对低温和环境地球化学研究和应用具有重要价值。文章系统总结和评述了碳酸钙水体系氧同位素分馏系数实验校准的历史、方法和结果 ,对前人在表达方式上的不一致进行了统一 ,对氧同位素分馏的盐效应、动力氧同位素分馏效应和同质多象转变过程中的氧同位素继承性进行了讨论。通过对前人大量实验数据的系统处理并与理论计算相比较 ,推荐了热力学上平衡的方解石水体系氧同位素分馏方程 ,而对于文石水体系 ,理论计算结果尚有待于实验证实。 相似文献
7.
对2个不同冲击变质程度球粒陨石研究表明,橄榄石晶内高压多形转变可在较低温度(<1000℃)和较大压力范围内(14.5～23GPa)产生。橄榄石晶内高压相转变主要是形成薄层状林伍德石,不发生直接的橄榄石-瓦士利石转变。由微晶集合体组成的薄层状林伍德石多沿着橄榄石中层错和面状裂隙分布并替代母相橄榄石。某些陨石中橄榄石产出薄层状瓦士利石和薄层状林伍德石组合,这些瓦士利石的形成与退变质作用有关,是压力释放过程林伍德石被瓦士利石替代的结果。研究结果对探讨岩石圈俯冲板块橄榄石多形转变环境和温度压力条件具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
8.
Silicon-bearing rutile has been found in chromitite from the Luobusa (罗布莎) ophiolite, Tibet. However, the extent of SiO2 solubility in rutile and the nature of its origin are still unclear. At high pressure, SiO2 takes a rutile structure with Si in 6-fold coordination. Thus, high pressures may enhance its solubility in rutile because of possible isovalent exchange in the oetabedral site. In this study, we report new experimental results on SiO2 solubility in rutile up to 23 GPa and 2 000 ℃. Starting materials were mixtures of powdered pure rutile and pure quartz, with compositions of (Ti0.5Si0.5)O2,(Ti0.93Si0.07)O2, and (Ti0.75Si0.25)O2. The mixtures were loaded into either platinum capsules (for a 10/5 assembly) or rhenium capsules (for an 8/3 assembly). The experiments were carried out using multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus with a rhenium resistance heater. Sample temperatures were measured with a W5%Re-W26%Re thermoeouple and were controlled within ±1 ℃ of the set temperature. TiO2-rich and SiO2-rich phases were produced in all the quenched samples. Microprobe analyses of the phases show that the solubility of SiO2 in rutile increases with increasing pressure, from 1.5 wt.% SiO2 at 10 GPa to 3.8 wt.% SiO2 at 23 GPa at a temperature of 1 800 ℃. The solubility also increases with increasing temperature from 0.5 wt.% SiO2 at 1 500 ℃ to 4.5 wt.% SiO2 at 2 000 ℃ at a pressure of 18 GPa. On the other hand, the solubility of TiO2 in coesite or stishovite is very limited, with an average of 0.6 wt.% TiO2 over the experimental P-T ranges. Temperature has a much larger effect on the solubility of SiO2 in rutile than pressure. At high pressure, the melting point of SiO2 is defmitely higher than that of TiO2 and the eutectic point moves towards SiO2 in the TiO2-SiO2 system. Lower oxygen fugacity decreases the solubility of SiO2 in rutile, whereas water has little effect on the solubility. Our experimental data are extremely useful for determining the depth of origin of the SiO2-bearing ruffle found in nature. 相似文献
9.
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in TiO2 Polymorphs and Application to Geothermometry of Eclogites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
郑永飞 《中国地球化学学报》1995,14(1):1-12
Oxygen isotope fractionation in TiO2 polymorphs has been calculated by the modi-fied increment method .The results that rutile is enriched in ^18O relative to brookite but depleted in ^18O relative to anatase.Due to the same crystal structure ,oxygen isotope partitioning in the TiO2 polymorphs is determined by the cation-oxygen inter-atomic distances.The theoretical calibrations involving rutile are in fair agreement with known experimental measurements and empirical estimates.Application of the theoretic-cal quartz-rutile calibration to geothermometry of natural eclogite assemblages indicates the preservation of isotopic equilibrium at high temperatures.The isotopic temperatures calculated are only slightly lower than the non-isotopic temperatures,indicating the slow rates of exchange for oxygen diffusion in rutile.The kinetics of exchange for oxygen diffu-sion in rutile is accordingly estimated by reconciling the differences between the isotopic and the non-isotopic temperatures.The rates of exchange for oxygen diffusion in rutile should be smaller than those for hornblende,but may be equal to or greater than those for diopside. 相似文献
10.
A new natural,super-hard,transparent polymorph of carbon from the Popigai impact crater,Russia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ahmed El Goresy Leonid S Dubrovinsky Philippe Gillet Smail Mostefaoui Günther Graup Michael Drakopoulos Alexandre S Simionovici Varghese Swamy Victor L Masaitis 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(12):889-898
A natural shockwave event led to the formation of a new crystalline polymorph of carbon in gneisses from the Popigai crater, Russia. The new species occupies the interior of a multiphase assemblage and is entirely enveloped by lonsdaleite and graphite. Polishing hardness of this new phase is greater than that of lonsdaleite. Micro-beam synchrotron X-ray diffraction, imaging and fluorescence studies revealed a pure transparent carbon phase. The diffraction pattern is indexed in terms of a cubic cell (a=14.697 Å, space group Pm3m.). This species was neither encountered in static or dynamic high-pressure experiment nor predicted by theoretical calculations. To cite this article: A. El Goresy et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献