A Review of Studies Dealing with Tree Rings and Rockfall Activity: The Role of Dendrogeomorphology in Natural Hazard Research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Stoffel 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):51-70

Over the last few years, rockfall research has increasingly focused on hazard assessment and risk analysis. Input data on past rockfall activity were gathered from historical archives and lichenometric studies or were obtained through frequency–volume statistics. However, historical records are generally scarce, and lichenometry may only yield data with relatively low resolutions. On forested slopes, in contrast, tree-ring analyses may help, generally providing annual data on past rockfall activity over long periods. It is the purpose of the present literature review to survey the current state of investigations dealing with tree-ring sequences and rockfall activity, with emphasis on the extent to which dendrogeomorphology may contribute to rockfall research. Firstly, a brief introduction describes how dendrogeomorphological methods can contribute to natural hazard research. Secondly, an account is provided of the output of dendrogeomorphological studies investigating frequencies, volumes or spatial distributions of past rockfall activity. The current and potential strengths of dendrogeomorphology are then presented before, finally, the weaknesses of tree rings as natural archives of past rockfall activity are discussed and promising directions for further studies outlined.  相似文献   

滑坡及危岩(崩塌)防治工程措施选择与工程设置   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

徐开祥  黄学斌  付小林  程温鸣  郭满长  李辉武 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(4):130-134

滑坡和危岩（崩塌）治理工程措施较多，措施组合可变性大，每种工程措施都有其相应的应用条件，不宜性、适宜性和最佳配置组合。治理工程措施选择应充分考虑治理工程功能性的具体要求、在不同工况条件下的安全性及耐久性、工期要求和投资的经济性以及后期维护的要求、工程岩土体性质及其蓄水后的变化、场地条件、施工技术条件、地方材料资源等具体制约因素以及环境保护的要求。在三峡水库区二期地质灾害防治工程国家级验收总结的基础上，对滑坡与危岩（崩塌）常用防治工程措施（排水、削方减载、回填压脚、抗滑桩、重力式抗滑挡墙、预应力锚索、格构锚固、拦石墙等）的工程适用条件、工程设置及不宜性进行了详细的分析，并提出工程设置应考虑及注意的问题。  相似文献   

Predictive GIS-Based Model of Rockfall Activity in Mountain Cliffs   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Marquínez  J.  Menéndez Duarte  R.  Farias  P.  JiméNez Sánchez  M. 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(3):341-360

Rockfall susceptibility has been analysed in mountain cliffs of the Cantabrian Range, North Spain. The main aim of this analysis has been to build a predictive model of rockfall activity from a low number of environmental and geological variables. The rockfall activity has been quantified in a GIS. The cartographic information used shows the spatial distribution of all the recent talus screes as well as their associated source areas in the rock-slopes. The area relation At/Ar (recent talus scree polygon/source basins) in the rock slopes has been used as the rockfall activity indicator. This relation has been validated in 50 pilot rock-slopes and compared with the relation number of recent rock fragments/source basin, obtained from field work. The environmental factors causing rockfall depend on the rock slope situation, and these are: altitude and sun radiation on the rock cliff. The geological factors considered are: lithology, relative position of the main discontinuities with respect to the topographic surface and two morphologic parameters: the roughness and slope gradient. A logistic regression analysis has been applied to a population of 442 limestone and quartzite rock cliffs. The dependent variable is the rockfall activity indicator, which allows the definition of two classes of rock cliff units: low and high activity. The independent variables are altitude, sun radiation (equinox radiation, summer solstice radiation, winter solstice radiation), slope roughness, slope gradient,anisotropy and lithology. Results suggest that it is possible tobuild a valid cartographic predictive model for rockfall activity in mountain rock cliffs from a limited number of easily obtainable variables. The method is especially applicable in massive rock slopes or in regions with uniform rock mass characteristics.  相似文献   

地质灾害勘查的地球物理方法及其发展趋势   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

郭建强  朱庆俊 《地球学报》2003,24(5):483-486

地质灾害的勘查是地质灾害评估、灾害治理方案设计、防治工程实施的重要保证，其中物探技术可以发挥重要作用。近年来，物探勘探技术在此方面的实验研究工作发展迅速，本文对这种新的应用技术进行了简要的综述，以利于地质灾害勘查工作的进一步发展。  相似文献   

线性综合模型用于崩滑体变形预报的研究     

徐进军 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1997,(4)

综合分析和比较了自回归模型和回归模型的特点，提出了采用线性综合模型来预报崩滑体变形的思想，以弥补自回归模型或回归模型预报的不足。实测资料的处理结果表明，综合线性模型具有特别的适用性。  相似文献   

落石冲击混凝土板与缓冲层组合结构的动力响应          下载免费PDF全文

吴建利  胡卸文  梅雪峰  许泽鹏  罗刚  韩玫 《水文地质工程地质》2021,48(1):78-87

钢筋混凝土（RC）板与一定厚度的土颗粒缓冲层组合结构被广泛用于山区高位单体及群发性崩塌落石的防治,为研究此类防护结构在落石作用下的冲击力衰减规律及RC板的破坏模式,开展了室外系列落石冲击试验。结果表明,增大缓冲层厚度能够有效减小最大冲击力,峰值加速度随缓冲层厚度减小而增大,尤其在缓冲层厚度为0.1 m及0.2 m时,最大值急剧增大,峰值加速度与缓冲层厚度的变化满足指数函数关系;根据量纲分析原理得到缓冲层最大冲击深度与动能的平方成正比、与最大入射冲击力成反比的计算公式,且与实测值较吻合;入射冲击力在缓冲层内的衰减率随缓冲层厚度的增加以指数函数递增,在0.6 m缓冲层厚度下可使峰值冲击力衰减70%左右;随累积冲击能级的增大,RC板经历了弯曲起裂及扩展、次级弯曲裂纹和剪裂纹产生及跨中弯曲裂纹贯通的过程,试验结束时RC板整体表现出典型的弯曲破坏特征。  相似文献   

危岩滑坡简易监测预警研究——以重庆市及邻近地区为例     

任幼蓉  张军  陈鹏  赵天兵  徐家美 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(1):14-19

目前我国群测群防监测手段已广泛应用到地质灾害预警研究领域,采集的众多原始数据和简单清晰的动态曲线资料,为地质灾害的评价、预测、预警提供了极大的空间分析基础.针对群测群防专业基础薄弱特点,本文主要从简易监测方法入手,利用各种监测手段采集的监测数据,分析已成功预警的危岩滑坡预报曲线及其变化规律,进而寻求变形破坏临界信号,初步给出了由位移-时间曲线形态的变化作为预报尺度的简易确定方法及稳定性判断准则,以最大限度的保障社会安定.  相似文献   

西南山区某铁路隧道口高位落石三维运动特征分析     

王栋  王剑锋  李天斌  曾鹏  马俊杰  陈伟 《地质力学学报》2021,27(1):96-104

西南山区某铁路隧道口上部广泛分布着高位危岩体,对下部隧道建(构)造物具有严重的威胁.采用Rockfall Analyst软件对该隧道上部五类不同尺寸的高位危岩体进行三维运动轨迹数值模拟,研究表明:研究区的高位危岩落石具有弹跳高度大、速度快、冲击能量高的特点;弹跳高度、运动速度与危岩落石的质量无关,冲击能量大小与落石质量...  相似文献   

基于树木地貌法重建崩塌历史事件——-以川东华蓥山石林为例     

王锐  马超  王云琦  王玉杰 《山地学报》2020,38(1):132-141

了解崩塌活动史与区域气候变化之间的关系对于掌握区域山地灾害形成规律,预测未来发展趋势具有非常重要的作用。利用树木地貌法可以准确掌握山地灾害发生频率,并为定量分析气候变化对山地灾害发生发展趋势提供支撑。本文以川东华蓥山石林景区一大型崩塌为研究对象,通过杉木树木年轮、降水和气温数据对该崩塌活动时间进行分析。结果表明:该崩塌可能共有四个活动年份,2015年为大规模活动年份,2008年、2012年和2016年为小规模活动年份,崩塌活动的季节主要集中在早材期间(4月—9月)。基于滚石冲击树干产生的愈伤组织和标准木年轮对比表明:树木在受到滚石冲击后,都表现为生长抑制,且树木年轮宽度要滞后滚石活动1年。参考树木与干扰树木年轮宽度和月降雨量没有相关性,但干扰树木年轮与月平均气温(4月—9月)呈负相关关系。本研究结果可以为研究区内山地灾害活动史与气候变化关系提供支撑,尤其是为研究区域降雨诱发的崩塌活动规律提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Causes of rockfalls in Al-Huwayshah area, Yemen          下载免费PDF全文

Aref M. O. AL-JABALI  NIE Lei  Abdo S. AL-MAQTARY  Hussein AL-AKHALI  Mohammed HAZAEA  Fadel AL-AGHBARI 《世界地质(英文版)》2009,12(1):5-12

According to topography of Yemen, most areas and villages are located at obligated crest, toe of mountain and under cliffs. Therefore Al-Huwayshah consisting of Tawilah sandstone group is characterized by steep slope reach to 90° in some areas. This area is affected by strong tectonic movements and faults that occurred during the geological epochs. This effect enhances to find out fractures and joints as well as the rocks become brittle and ready to slide depending on the position of area. And there are some fractures and joints on the surface of the areas due to tectonic movement associated with opening the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The rainfalls, fractures, joints, earthquakes, gravity, vegetations, temperatures and human activities play a big role in the processes of rockfalls and landslides in this area. All those factors are considered as the basic causes and catalyzed factors for occurrence of rockfall in the studide area. In addition, the authors carried out laboratory test for many rock samples to get the physical properties of the rocks.  相似文献