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1.
The Removal of Dissolved Metals by Hydroxysulphate Precipitates during Oxidation and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waters, Iberian Pyrite Belt 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
J. Sánchez España E. López Pamo E. Santofimia Pastor J. Reyes Andrés J. A. Martín Rubí 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(3):269-298
This study examines the removal of dissolved metals during the oxidation and neutralization of five acid mine drainage (AMD)
waters from La Zarza, Lomero, Esperanza, Corta Atalaya and Poderosa mines (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Huelva, Spain). These waters
were selected to cover the spectrum of pH (2.2–3.5) and chemical composition (e.g., 319–2,103 mg/L Fe; 2.85–33.3 g/L SO4=) of the IPB mine waters. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory to simulate the geochemical evolution previously
recognized in the field. This evolution includes two stages: (1) oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) followed by hydrolysis and
precipitation of Fe(III), and (2) progressive pH increase during mixing with fresh waters. Fe(III) precipitates at pH < 3.5
(stages 1 and 2) in the form of schwertmannite, whereas Al precipitates during stage 2 at pH 5.0 in the form of several hydroxysulphates
of variable composition (hydrobasaluminite, basaluminite, aluminite). During these stages, trace elements are totally or partially
sorbed and/or coprecipitated at different rates depending basically on pH, as well as on the activity of the SO4=
anion (which determines the speciation of metals). The general trend for the metals which are chiefly present as aqueous
free cations (Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) is a progressive sorption at increasing pH. On the other hand, As and V (mainly present as anionic species) are completely
scavenged during the oxidation stage at pH < 3.5. In waters with high activities (> 10−1) of the SO 4= ion, some elements like Al, Zn, Cd, Pb and U can also form anionic bisulphate complexes and be significantly sorbed at pH
< 5. The removal rates at pH 7.0 range from around 100% for As, V, Cu and U, and 60–80% for Pb, to less than 20% for Zn, Co,
Ni and Mn. These processes of metal removal represent a significant mechanism of natural attenuation in the IPB. 相似文献
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3.
施威特曼石普遍存在于含大量SO42-的酸矿水中,其表面吸附的SO42-使得该矿物具有强吸附重金属离子的能力,可用于处理重金属离子污染。实验通过在不同浓度Cu2＋溶液中合成施威特曼石时发现,Cu2＋与施威特曼石的共沉淀量较低,FTIR分析表明Cu2＋与施威特曼石的羟基发生反应。开展施威特曼石吸附Pb2＋的实验,结果表明施威特曼石对Pb2＋的吸附符合Langmuir模型,施威特曼石吸附Cu2＋和Pb2＋后出现1545.4 cm-1和1435.0 cm-1（Cu2＋）两个吸收峰,可能是施威特曼石孔道表面形成了三元配合物。在241×10-6的初始浓度（与尾矿孔隙水的Pb2＋含量相近）下有61.4%的Pb2＋去除率,显示了较好的环境修复价值。 相似文献
4.
Fe(Ⅲ)供应速率对无定型施氏矿物形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
施氏矿物(schwertmannite)已被证实是一种具特异性能的重(类)金属吸附新材料。但在直接由Fe3+或用强氧化剂氧化Fe2+合成该矿物时,常因夹有黄铁矾类物质而降低产品纯度。通过模拟FeSO4-K2SO4-H2O临界成矾体系,发现在嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)作用下存在无定型施氏矿物和晶型黄钾铁矾的合成反应竞争,其中Fe3+供应速率是一个影响铁矿物形成的重要因素,较低的Fe3+供应可以抑制K+的利用,这种变化趋势对无定型施氏矿物合成是有利的。当存在少量K+等成矾导向离子时,可通过合理调低Fe3+供应速率,有利于溶液中Fe3+平缓释放,改善施氏矿物纯度,这为A.ferroxidans菌生物法中直接使用无机盐培养基合成施氏矿物提供了可能。 相似文献
5.
利用尾矿砂制备镁铁氢氧化物实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以金川铜镍矿尾矿酸浸液为原料,根据矿物沉淀pH值区间的不同,分步分离Fe、Mg的沉淀物以及有价金属Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合沉淀物,进而制备具有高附加值的Fe(OH)3和Mg(OH)2,同时富集Co、Ni、Cu等有价金属。结果表明,当溶液pH值为3.8时可沉淀分离出主要成分为施威特曼石(schwertmannite)的氢氧化铁前驱体,pH值达到9.8时沉淀富集出Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合氢氧化物,随即得到只含有Mg离子的溶液。在60℃条件下,将施威特曼石在pH值为12的NaOH溶液中老化36h,可以得到Fe(OH)3。同时,以NaOH调节只含有Mg离子的溶液至pH值为12.4时可获得Mg(OH)2。本研究为金属矿山尾矿的资源化综合利用提供了新的思路与方法。 相似文献
6.
极端酸性环境下形成的施威特曼石（schwertmannite）及其环境学意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
施威特曼石(schwertmannite)是近年来发现存在于含SO42-丰富的极端酸性环境下的一种次生羟基硫酸高铁矿物,其结晶度较差,形态特殊,表面基团活性强,对其存在环境中有毒重(类)金属元素的迁移与钝化有重要影响。本文详细地介绍了施威特曼石的形成、组成结构、稳定性能、溶解度及其与重(类)金属元素的相互作用等方面的研究进展,并对其在地下水除砷中的应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
施氏矿物是酸性矿山废水中广泛存在的次生矿物,其形成和转化受环境pH值、温度和共存离子等条件影响。文中研究了酸性环境中生物成因施氏矿物和吸附了三价砷的生物成因施氏矿物,在不同温度和钾离子浓度条件下的稳定性。结果表明,老化温度的增加促进施氏矿物相的转变:4℃条件下,在15周的老化时间里,无砷及含砷施氏矿物均未发生相转变;而在40℃条件下,经过15周的老化,则无砷和含砷施氏矿物均发生了部分相转变。此外,钾离子浓度变化可以导致施氏矿物老化产物不同:生物成因施氏矿物在0.01mM钾离子条件下老化15周后的转化产物主要为针铁矿,在100mM钾离子条件下老化产物为黄钾铁矾和针铁矿。含As(Ⅲ)施氏矿物在0.01mM钾离子条件下老化15周后没有发生相转变,在100mM钾离子条件下发生了部分相转变,产物为黄钾铁矾。生物成因施氏矿物中的As(Ⅲ)使得矿物在环境中更加稳定。 相似文献
8.
Hongfu SUN Fenghua ZHAO 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):26-27
In this study, geochemical characteristics of acid mine drainage （AMD） and its sediments from the Malan and Sitai coalmines, Shanxi Province, China, were investigated. Many analytical approaches such as IC, ICP-MS, XRD, XRF, and modeling calculation of hydrogeochemistry using PHREEQCI software were employed. The AMD is characterized by higher concentrations of iron and sulfate, a low pH, and elevated concentrations of a wide variety of heavy metals. The results of modeling calculation by PHREEQCI software demonstrate the metals in AMD are present mainly as Me^n＋ and MeSO4^n-2 species. The sediments of AMD are composed mainly of iron-beating minerals such as goethite and schwertmannite, which are controlled by pH, Fe and SO4^2- concentrations. The schwertmannite mineral has been found for the first time in China. 相似文献
9.
施威特曼石(schwertmannite)已被证实是一种具特异性能的重(类)金属吸附新材料,生物方法合成的施威特曼石由于具备较好的表面吸附性能而受到更多关注。本文通过接种有嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans)的FeSO4-H2O矿物合成体系,研究了不同初始Fe2+浓度对Fe生物转化成施威特曼石效率的影响。结果表明,在Fe(Ⅱ)浓度(FeSO4.7H2O配制)设计为20、40、80和160 mmol/L,接种A.ferrooxidans菌密度达到6.0×107个/mL时,本实验条件下矿物重量y(g)与初始Fe2+浓度x(mmol/L)的关系为y(g)=0.036 67+0.008 520x-8.602.10-6x2;溶液TFe沉淀率y(%)与初始Fe2+浓度x(mmol/L)的关系为y(%)=39.68-0.221 0x+6.653.10-4x2。反应后期溶液中大量残留Fe3+在满足饱和指数SI>0的条件下不能析出矿物沉淀,进一步分析表明,Fe3+水解形成施威特曼石的可能机制是利用了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans菌氧化Fe2+释放的能量才得以实现,当Fe2+完全氧化不再供应能量时,Fe生物转化成施威特曼石的反应也达到了最大限度。 相似文献
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