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Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean,where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength(TS in d B re 1 m 2) with the different body size to accurately estimate ice krill stocks. However,there is comparatively little knowledge of the acoustic backscatter of ice krill. The TS of individual,formalin-preserved,tethered ice krill was measured in a freshwater test tank at 38,120,and 200 k Hz with a calibrated split-beam echo sounder system. Mean TS was obtained from 21 individual ice krill with a broad range of body lengths(L :13–36 mm). The length( L,mm) to wet weight( W; mg) relationship for ice krill was W =0.001 218×103 × L 3.53( R 2= 0.96). The mean TS-to-length relationship were TS3 8 k Hz =-177.4+57log 10( L),( R 2 = 0.86); TS 120 k Hz =-129.9+31.56 log 10( L),( R 2 =0.87); and TS 200 k Hz =-117.6+24.66log1 0( L),( R 2 =0.84). Empirical estimates of the relationship between the TS and body length of ice krill were established at 38,120,and 200 k Hz and compared with predictions obtained from both the linear regression model of Greene et al.(1991) and the Stochastic Distorted Wave Born Approximation(SDWBA) model. This result might be applied to improve acoustic detection and density estimation of ice krill in the Southern Ocean. Further comparative studies are needed with in situ target strength including various body lengths of ice krill. 相似文献
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Anne Klöppel Martin Pfannkuchen Annika Putz Peter Proksch & Franz Brümmer 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(2):259-272
Sponges provide the largest number of biologically active natural products known from the marine environment and continue to be a very well studied phylum of marine fauna. The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba accumulates brominated isoxazoline alkaloids such as Aplysinamisin-1, Aerophobin-2, Isofistularin-3 and the biotransformation product Aeroplysinin-1, which possesses, for example, antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. Until now, it is still being discussed which organisms – the sponge itself or associated microorganisms – are responsible for metabolite production. For cultivating Aplysina individuals under ex situ conditions, we surveyed relevant ecological factors in situ and controlled them in our aquarium system. We maintained A. aerophoba for more than 9 months and analysed changes of metabolite content and composition, microbial association as well as morphology in situ and ex situ under different light exposure. Although sponges showed slight reduction during maintenance, ex situ cultivation similar to in situ conditions provides a promising method to keep sponges and obtain their bioactive metabolites. 相似文献
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渤海湾西岸潮间带现代沉积速率研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
利用渤海湾西岸潮间带柱状沉积物的210Pbex和137Cs活度测定结果,计算了潮间带现代沉积物的平均沉积速率,结果表明,渤海湾西岸潮间带砂质区(道沟子至独流减河)1955～1963年的沉积速率为3.43～4.06cm/a,1963年以来的平均沉积速率为0.65～1.59cm/a;泥质区(歧口附近)的平均沉积速率约为1.81cm/a.上述结果说明潮间带砂质区在20世纪50～60年代发生快速沉积作用,60年代之后沉积作用变缓.这可能是由于华北地区在该时段具有丰沛的降水和入海水沙,为潮间带沉积物提供了丰富的物源.60年代以后沉积作用变缓可能是自然和人类活动引起的入海水量减少和由此导致的物源减少的结果. 相似文献
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钻孔灌注桩后压浆法的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茂名石化100万t/a乙烯改扩建工程位于地层断裂带上，地质条件复杂，桩基设计大部分采用Ф800钻孔灌注桩，桩入持力层1．5D。检测中，发现部分桩的承载力达不到设计要求。经采用钻孔灌注桩后压浆法后。达到了桩的承载力要求。 相似文献
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Accelerated soil erosion and land degradation represent major environmental problems for agricultural lands.Reliable information on the rates of soil loss is urgently needed.The traditional techniques for documenting rates of soil loss may meet this need,but face many limitations.The fallout radionuclides,especially 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex,are increasingly used as effective tracers to quantify soil erosion rates,and they represent a valuable complement to the existing classical methods.This paper aims to introduce the basis for assessing soil erosion rates on cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex measurements,to compare the 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex reference inventories,and to report several case studies undertaken in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China. 相似文献
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白音查干凹陷达尔其油田原油地球化学与物性特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
达尔其油田原油的粘度差异很大，稀油、普通稠油和特稠油均有分布。大部分稠油和特稠油正构烷烃分布完整，末见生物降解等次生变化的迹象，具有原生稠油的特征。通过对几个代表性原油和烃源岩的族组成、饱和烃GC和GC／MS分析可知，Da201和Dal402类型成熟稀油来源于埋藏较深、热演化程度较高的下白垩统腾格尔组和阿尔善组烃源岩，而Dal201类型末熟、特稠油则来源于埋藏浅、热演化程度低的下白垩统都红木组一段烃源岩。由油样Da201和Dal201混合(质量比68．7：31．3)而成的油样Da2 12，其族组成、饱和烃色谱和甾、萜烷分布特征与Dal401类原油接近。详细对比二者之间的差异，结果表明Dal401类原油比混合油Da2 12含有更多的成熟稀油．稀油比例大于68.7％。Dal401油层油砂样连续抽提实验结果表明，早期注入该油层的原油为Da201和Dal402类成熟稀油。晚期注入的原油为Dal201类末熟特稠油，这进一步证实了Dal401类油为混源油。 相似文献
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Richard A. Armstrong 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2014,96(2):217-226
Variation in lichen growth rates poses a significant challenge for the application of direct lichenometry, i.e. the construction of lichen dating curves from direct measurement of growth rates. To examine the magnitude and possible causes of within‐site growth variation, radial growth rates (RaGRs) of thalli of the fast‐growing foliose lichen Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. and the slow‐growing crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. were studied on two S‐facing slate rock surfaces in north Wales, UK using digital photography and an image analysis system (Image‐J). RaGRs of M. fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa varied from 0.44 to 2.63 mm yr–1 and R. geographicum from 0.10 to 1.50 mm yr–1.5. Analysis of variance suggested no significant variation in RaGRs with vertical or horizontal location on the rock, thallus diameter, aspect, slope, light intensity, rock porosity, rock surface texture, distance to nearest lichen neighbour or distance to vegetation on the rock surface. The frequency distribution of RaGR did not deviate from a normal distribution. It was concluded that despite considerable growth rate variation in both species studied, growth curves could be constructed with sufficient precision to be useful for direct lichenometry. 相似文献
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探矿权之灭失，裹挟走了地质信息成果产权，等于是地勘单位丢失了库存商品、资本金和走向市场的条件，地勘员工可能会因地质成果产权的丢失而失掉对利润的占有权和主人翁的基础与地位，劳动力资本应该与货币资本一样实现增殖，国家应把丢失的这库存商品还原给地勘单位，而使其具有取向市场化的条件，使员工做真正意义上的主人翁。 相似文献