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1.
P. M. Amaral J. Cruz Fernandes L. Guerra Rosa 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):917-928
Summary This paper describes and discusses the adequacy of Weibull statistical analysis to analyse the bending strength of granite.
The experimental results show that strength variability is related with a specific origin of failure. This conclusion is based
on analysing the influence of the surface condition (extrinsic defects) on the bending strength results treated by the Weibull
statistics. The conclusions drawn from this study have been validated by analysing the results of the critical flaw dimension
estimated by applying the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) formulae. Results obtained from fractographic examination
also have been used to describe the location of the origin of the fracture and understand the distribution of defects; i.e.,
there is a unimodal distribution of defects (intrinsic defects), despite the fact that some outlier values are normally observed
in the fractured surfaces.
Correspndence: P. M. Amaral, Department of Materials Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon,
Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 相似文献
2.
Evaluation of bending moments and shear forces at unit connections of very large floating structures using hydroelastic and rigid body analyses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Byoung Wan Kim Sa Young Hong Jo Hyun Kyoung Seok Kyu Cho 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(11-12):1668-1679
This paper investigates the characteristics of bending moments, shear forces and stresses at unit connections of very large floating structures (VLFS) under wave loads. The responses of VLFS are calculated by solving multi-body motion equation considering hydroelasticity and connection stiffness. Hydroelastic responses are calculated by the direct method. Higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is used for fluid analysis and finite element method (FEM) is introduced for structural analysis. The equation of motion is modified to describe the unit connections by employing spring elements. Bending moments and shear forces at the connections are obtained from the dynamic equilibrium condition for pressures and inertia forces. Two types of VLFS units such as tandem arranged units and side-by-side arranged units are considered in the numerical examples. The influences of connection stiffness, wave frequency and heading angle on responses of VLFS are investigated through the numerical examples. Rigid body analysis along with hydroelastic analysis is also carried out in the numerical analysis and comparison of those two approaches is discussed. 相似文献
3.
In designing piled raft foundations, controlling the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft is crucial. The majority of piled raft foundations have been designed by placing piles uniformly. In such a design method, the settlements of the piled rafts are likely to be large, which leads to an increase of the pile length and/or number of piles required to reduce the settlements. However, this increase does not satisfy the requirement for economical design. On the basis of a parametric study, this paper contributes a framework for considering an economical design methodology in which piles are placed more densely beneath the column positions when the piled raft is subjected to column loads. The analysis uses PLAXIS 3D software, and the validity of the parametric study is examined through the results of centrifuge model tests conducted by the authors. The study shows that the concentrated pile arrangement method can help to considerably reduce the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft. Moreover, the effects of parameters, such as pile length, pile number, raft thickness and load types, on the piled raft behavior are investigated. This study can help practicing engineers choose pile and raft parameters in combination with the concentrated pile arrangement method to produce an economical design. 相似文献
4.
对处于蠕滑阶段的边坡而言,准确确定蠕滑段和锁固段是进行稳定性评价及演化趋势预测的基础和前提。以我国西南山区某水库型岸坡变形体为例,在综合分析岸坡工程地质条件的基础上,通过联合运用野外现场地质调查、地表位移监测、钻孔、平硐、深部位移监测、物探等多种勘察手段,查明了岸坡的结构特征,并分别对岸坡进行地表和深部变形分区。 在此基础上,结合当前稳定性现状,划分出岸坡蠕滑段与锁固段。结果表明:(1)岸坡在河谷下切过程中发生了弯曲倾倒变形,弯曲折断面深度为20～80m;(2)岸坡前部为蠕滑段,中部为锁固段,后部为拉裂段,具备滑移-拉裂-剪断三段式发育特征。研究结果可直接用于该岸坡变形体的稳定性评价,且对于同类型处于蠕滑阶段边坡的勘察手段及综合分析具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
The mechanism of bending failure and the magnitude of the bending moment in a column formed by cement deep mixing (CDM) under an embankment load were investigated by a series of three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses. Based on the numerical results, a design method to consider the bending failure of the CDM column has been established. The usefulness of the proposed methods was verified using the results of two centrifuge model tests of the embankments on the CDM column improved soft model ground model reported in the literature, and the columns had tensile cracks or showed complete failure. 相似文献
6.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):275-289
Failure of retaining walls during earthquakes has occurred many times in the past. Although significant progress has been made in analysing the seismic response of rigid gravity type retaining walls, considerable difficulties still exist in the seismic-resistant design of the flexible cantilever type of retaining walls because of the complex nature of the dynamic soil–structure interaction. In this paper the seismic response of cantilever retaining walls with dry backfill is simulated using centrifuge modelling and numerical modelling. It is found that bending moments on the wall increased significantly during an earthquake. After the end of base shaking, the residual moment on the wall was significantly higher than the moment under static loading. The numerical simulation is able to model quite accurately the main characteristics of acceleration, bending moment, and displacement recorded in the centrifuge test. 相似文献
7.
海缆在使用过程中,受到洋流冲击及自身重量的影响,容易过度弯曲,从而影响海缆的寿命,造成经济损失。弯曲限制器是防止海缆过度弯曲的重要附件。文中建立海缆弯曲限制器A、B两种不同结构的模型,通过有限元模拟分析,比较在相同弯矩载荷下两种结构的锁紧弯曲半径及应力、应变情况,并通过试验验证两种结构的实际使用情况和模拟分析结果的一致性,为海缆弯曲限制器的优化改进提供了参考。计算结果表明:随着弯矩的增大,两种结构的锁定弯曲半径的变化趋势一致,但相同的弯曲半径下所能承受的载荷和两种结构曲率的平缓度有着较大的差异;在相同的应用环境下,B型结构能够更好地保护海缆,限制海缆的最小弯曲半径。 相似文献
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9.
Collapse and/or severe damage to pile-supported structures are still observed in liquefiable soils after most major earthquakes.
Poor performance of pile foundations remains a great concern to the earthquake engineering community. This review paper compares
and contrasts the two plausible theories on pile failure in liquefiable soils. The well established theory of pile failure
is based on a flexural mechanism; where the lateral loads on the pile (due to inertia and/or lateral spreading) induce bending
failure. This theory is well researched in the recent past and assumes that piles are laterally loaded beams. A more recent
theory based on buckling instability treats the piles as laterally unsupported slender columns in liquefiable soils and investigates
the buckling instability (bifurcation). The objective of this paper is to investigate the implications to practical pile foundation
design that flow from both these theories. Provisions for design made by major international codes of practice for pile design
including the Japanese Highway Code (JRA) will be considered. The necessity for such codes to consider alternative forms of
failure mechanisms such as the buckling instability of piles in liquefied ground will be discussed.
S. Bhattacharya–Previously Departmental Lecturer in Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK and Fellow of Somerville
College, Oxford. S. P. G. Madabhushi–Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge. 相似文献
10.