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1.
塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩结构构造类型及其形成机理 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩度大、分布广,是重要的油气储集层.根据岩石学研究并结合地球化学特征将其分为4类,其特点如下:(1)泥晶-粉晶白云岩,白云石晶体小、晶形差,有序度在4类中最低(0.73);Na、K、Sr含量在4类中最高;δ13C值及Z值较高,分别为-0.94‰、122.3;Fe、Mn含量较低;阴极发光为亮桔红色;常呈纹层状,具暴露及成化标志.这些特征表明其结晶较快,形成环境蒸发强烈、盐度较高、氧化性较强,是在萨布哈环境中由浓缩海水发生白云石化所形成.(2)藻纹层白云岩,白云石晶体小,晶形较好,有序度较高(0.85);藻纹层基本保留了其原始微细结构;Na、K、Sr含量较低:δC值在4类中最高,平均为-0.50‰;含有较多黄铁矿.这些特征说明其可能形成于成岩作用的稍早期阶段且其成因与藻类活动密切相关,成岩环境盐度较低,可能是在藻类作用下,由富藻层浓集的镁与残留海水在浅埋藏环境中共同作用所形成.(3)雾心亮边白云岩,白云石普遍具雾心亮边结构,雾心含少量包裹体及灰质残余,亮边则少见或无;阴极发光下,雾心发亮桔黄色光,亮边发光暗或不发光;局部见此类白云石;呈星散状分布于亮晶颗粒灰岩或泥晶灰岩中;白云石晶体较大,晶形较好.此类白云岩的δ13C及Z值在4类中最低,K、Na、Sr、Fe含量相对较低,Mn含量最高;有序度较高,均值为0.83.这些特征表明此类白云岩中白云石的雾心可能是在早期浅埋藏环境中,由富镁孔隙水交代周围灰质所形成;亮边则形成于埋藏较深的环境,其所需镁可能来源于粘土矿物的转化.(4)重结晶白云岩:白云石晶体粗大且污浊,接触紧密;局部见白云石晶体具环带结构,局部见颗粒幻影结构;阴极发光较暗;Fe含量在4类中最高,Mn含量较高;有序度最高,平均为0.95;包裹体均一温度平均为110.2℃.这些特征表明其可能是在还原性较强的深埋藏环境中,由早期形成的白云岩经较强的重结晶作用所形成. 相似文献
2.
Zinc–lead–barite deposits located in Lefan and Lower Banik localities of about 25 km northeast of Zakho City, Northern Iraq
consist of a group of strata-bound sulfides hosted in Upper Cretaceous (Upper Campanian–Maastrichtian) dolomitic limestone.
Carbonate-hosted ores contain 3.77% Zn, 2% Pb, and 5% Fe, while in lower Banik, they contain 1.5% Zn, 0.37% Pb, and 1.4% Fe.
Diagenetic processes, such as dolomitization and recrystalization in addition to the type of microfacies, provided appropriate
physical and chemical conditions that permitted the passage of ore-bearing fluids and participated in precipitation and ore
localization. These deposits are precipitated in a platform and developed within the Foreland Thrust Belt. Ore precipitated
as infill of intergranular dolomite porosity with replaced dolomite and rudist shells forming disseminated crystals that occupy
intergranular pore spaces around dolomite and calcite and as infill of dissolution spaces and fractures. 相似文献
3.
The Kelçyra area is emplaced in a foreland fold-and-thrust belt (FFTB), characterized by a westward thrusting with the Triassic evaporites as the major décollement level. Several secondary features related with this evolution, like backthrusting, folding, duplex structures, evaporite diapirism are present. During the FFTB evolution, the study area has been subjected to several fracturing events with associated stages of fluid migration. During the pre-deformational stage, complex textures such as crack-and-seal features most likely reflect expulsion of overpressured fluids. These fluids were dominantly host-rock buffered. Within the post-deformational stage, a meteoric fluid caused cementation and development of a karst network during a period of emergence after the thrust emplacement. Subsequently, Mg calcite reprecipitated in the more stable carbonate phase calcite and dolomite, which filled part of the karts network. The latter is finally dedolomitized and locally partially dissolved by a second meteoric fluid flow, which greatly increased the secondary porosity. 相似文献
4.
The Esino Limestone of the western Southern Alps represents a differentiated Ladinian-Lower Carnian (?) carbonate platform comprised of margin, slope and peritidal inner platform facies up to 1000 m thick. A major regional subaerial exposure event lead to coverage by another peritidal Lower Carnian carbonate platform (Breno Formation). Multiphase dolomitization affected the carbonate sediments. Petrographic examinations identified at least three main generations of dolomites (D1, D2, and D3) that occur as both replacement and fracture-filling cements. These phases have crystal-size ranges of 3–35 μm (dolomicrite D1), 40–600 μm (eu-to subhedral crystals D2), and 200 μm to 5 mm (cavity- and fracture-filling anhedral to subhedral saddle dolomite D3), respectively.The fabric retentive near-micritic grain size coupled with low mean Sr concentration (76 ± 37 ppm) and estimated δ18O of the parent dolomitizing fluids of D1 suggest formation in shallow burial setting at temperature ∼ 45–50 °C with possible contributions from volcanic-related fluids (basinal fluids circulated in volcaniclastics or related to volcanic activity), which is consistent with its abnormally high Fe (4438 ± 4393 ppm) and Mn (1219 ± 1418 ppm) contents. The larger crystal sizes, homogenization temperatures (D2, 108 ± 9 °C; D3, 111 ± 14 °C) of primary two-phase fluid inclusions, and calculated salinity estimates (D2, 23 ± 2 eq wt% NaCl; D3, 20 ± 4 eq wt% NaCl) of D2 and D3 suggest that they formed at later stages under mid-to deeper burial settings at higher temperatures from dolomitizing fluids of higher salinity, which is supported by higher estimated δ18O values of their parent dolomitizing fluids. This is also consistent with their high Fe (4462 ± 4888 ppm; and 1091 ± 1183 ppm, respectively) and Mn (556 ± 289 ppm and 1091 ± 1183 ppm) contents, and low Sr concentrations (53 ± 31 ppm and 57 ± 24 ppm, respectively).The similarity in shale-normalized (SN) REE patterns and Ce (Ce/Ce*)SN and La (Pr/Pr*)SN anomalies of the investigated carbonates support the genetic relationship between the dolomite generations and their calcite precursor. Positive Eu anomalies, coupled with fluid-inclusion gas ratios (N2/Ar, CO2/CH4, Ar/He), high F− concentration, high F/Cl and high Cl/Br molar ratios suggest an origin from diagenetic fluids circulated through volcanic rocks, which is consistent with the co-occurrence of volcaniclastic lenses in the investigated sequence. 相似文献
5.
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组五段5亚段白云岩的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,主要岩性有泥晶白云岩、泥粉晶白云岩和粉晶白云岩等三类。泥晶白云岩类为泥晶结构,阴极发光为暗红光,白云石有序度低;Na、K和Sr值较高;δ~(13)C平均-1.23‰,δ~(18)O平均-7.59‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 81,形成于闭塞局限、盐度相对较高的环境,由准同生白云石化作用所形成,并发育少量晶间微孔。泥粉晶白云岩类为泥晶—细粉晶结构,不发光或发极暗的红光,白云石有序度0.75;常量元素、微量元素大幅降低;δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O的平均值分别是-0.43‰和-7.29‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 36,由准同生后回流渗透白云石化作用所形成,并发育晶间孔。粉晶白云岩不发光或发极暗红光,白云石有序度0.81;常量元素、微量元素有明显的突变;δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O平均值分别为-0.65‰和-6.46‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 67,由埋藏白云石化作用所形成,并发育晶间扩溶孔或溶蚀孔。 相似文献
6.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1973-2002
Dolomitization is commonly associated with crustal‐scale faults, but tectonic rejuvenation, diagenetic overprinting and a fluid and Mg mass‐imbalance often makes it difficult to determine the dolomitization mechanism. This study considers differential dolomitization of the Eocene Thebes Formation on the Hammam Faraun Fault block, Gulf of Suez, which has undergone a simple history of burial and exhumation as a result of rifting. Stratabound dolostone bodies occur selectively within remobilized sediments (debrites and turbidites) in the lower Thebes Formation and extend into the footwall of, and for up to 2 km away from, the Hammam Faraun Fault. They are offset by the north–south trending Gebel fault, which was active during the earliest phases of rifting, suggesting that dolomitization occurred between rift initiation (26 Ma) and rift climax (15 Ma). Geochemical data suggest that dolomitization occurred from evaporated (ca 1·43 concentration) seawater at less than ca 80°C. Geothermal convection is interpreted to have occurred as seawater was drawn down surface‐breaching faults into the Nubian sandstone aquifer, convected and discharged into the lower Thebes Formation via the Hammam Faraun Fault. Assuming a ca 10 Myr window for dolomitization, a horizontal velocity of ca 0·7 m year−1 into the Thebes Formation is calculated, with fluid flux and reactivity likely to have been facilitated by fracturing. Although fluids were at least marginally hydrothermal, stratabound dolostone bodies do not contain saddle dolomite and there is no evidence of hydrobrecciation. This highlights how misleading dolostone textures can be as a proxy for the genesis and spatial distribution of such bodies in the subsurface. Overall, this study provides an excellent example of how fluid flux may occur during the earliest phases of rifting, and the importance of crustal‐scale faults on fluid flow from the onset of their growth. Furthermore, this article presents a mechanism for dolomitization from seawater that has none of the inherent mass balance problems of classical, conceptual models of hydrothermal dolomitization. 相似文献
7.
Intense thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and up to 18% H2S are found in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation (P3ch) in the northeast (NE) Sichuan Basin, China, despite that rare gypsum or anhydrite was found in this formation. Here, we present new concentration data of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) from carbonate host rocks, C, O, and Sr isotope data for TSR-related calcites, and S isotope data for sulfur compounds obtained during this study. These data along with spatial-temporal changes in palaeogeopressure conditions, hydraulic conductivity and the physical capacity indicate that the H2S was generated locally from TSR within the P3ch reservoirs. We propose that the reactive sulfates were derived from CAS released during dolomitization and recrystallization of earlier dolomite within the P3ch Fm. and from the cross-formational migration of evaporative brines from the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation (T1f) to P3ch Fm. Our calculation shows that the two sources could provide enough SO42− for the generation of H2S within the P3ch reservoirs. Early downward migration of sulfate-rich evaporative brines from the T1f formation occurred in near-surface and shallow burial diagenetic settings (mainly <1000 m). The evaporative brines seeped into porous grainstones and displaced preexisting seawater, causing pervasive dolomitization within the P3ch Fm. Subsequently, TSR calcites precipitated from the pore water have high Sr concentrations (up to 7767 ppm), close to the T1f TSR calcites, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios mainly from 0.7074 to 0.7078, which are significantly higher than those of Late Permian seawater but within the range of early Triassic seawater. 相似文献
8.
川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用机制及其对储层形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过岩心观察和薄片鉴定,在岩石学和矿物学特征分析基础上,结合白云石有序度测定,碳、氧同位素、锶同位素和稀土元素组成及配分模式分析,详细研究了川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用的特征、机制及模式,结果表明长兴组发育微晶白云石(岩)、粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石和异形白云石等四种类型,它们的有序度由低变高;白云石的碳、氧同位素、锶同位素和稀土元素组成及配分模式特征表明,长兴组微晶白云石(岩)、粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石主要形成于浓缩海水环境、正常海水环境、或者与正常海水相似的地层水环境中,并遭受过热液地质作用的改造,从微晶白云石(岩)→粉-中晶他形白云石→粉-中晶自形白云石是一个沉积埋藏过程中多阶段白云石化作用的产物,异形白云石则由热液作用形成;根据长兴组白云石的矿物学和地球化学特征及白云石化作用与层序和沉积相之间的关系,分别可以用准同生期蒸发泵白云石化作用模式、准同生期渗透回流白云石化作用模式、成岩早期浅埋藏状态下地层水白云石化作用模式和成岩晚期热液白云石化作用模式来解释微晶白云石(岩),粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石和异形白云石的形成。白云石化作用是有利于长兴组储层形成的建设性成岩作用。 相似文献
9.
白云石化作用及白云岩储层研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白云石化作用和白云岩储层一直都是碳酸盐岩研究中的重要领域。近年来,随着实验分析技术的进步以及油气勘探的深入,对白云岩的研究也取得了诸多进展:1数值模拟技术逐步应用到白云岩研究中,实现了白云石化模式研究由定性到定量的转变;2对微生物白云石化的研究不断加强,识别出了微生物相关白云石的特殊显微形貌特征并对其生物矿化机制进行了分析;3对已有白云石化模式的重新审视:包括对混合水白云石化的修正、对回流白云石化的扩展以及对构造—热液白云石化模式的丰富;4在白云石化与孔隙相关关系的研究中,突破了白云石化增孔的传统认识,逐步强调白云石化在孔隙保存方面的作用;5注重研究白云岩结构、成岩环境、原始相带以及白云岩形成之后的溶蚀改造等因素对白云岩储层发育的控制作用。在未来的研究中,应加强3个方面内容,一是对白云岩结构演化规律的定量研究,二是在成岩流体示踪方面要加强对新技术手段(如二元同位素、Mg同位素)的使用,同时注意借鉴成矿流体研究中的成熟技术和方法,三是要加强对深部白云岩储层形成和保存机制的探索。 相似文献
10.
川西中三叠统雷口坡组三段-四段白云岩特征与成因——来自于岩相学及地球化学的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白云岩化是影响储层发育是否的重要沉积-成岩过程。作者通过在对川西地区的中三叠统雷口坡组的雷三至雷四段的岩相学,碳、氧、锶、镁同位素以及元素地球化学等综合研究,划分出含膏的泥晶云岩AD0、泥晶云岩D0、泥粉晶云岩D1、粉细晶云岩D2、微生物云岩MD、含灰质藻云岩CD(交代结构)以及去云化的泥粉晶云岩(CD0CD1)等七类白云岩。白云石有序度及铁、锰含量较低。阴极发光以暗紫、暗紫红、蓝紫为主;次为玫瑰红、橙红及橙黄红色。δ~(13)CPDB=1. 95‰～2. 46‰,δ~(18)OPDB=-4. 05‰～2. 70‰;~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0. 70778～0. 70807,δ~(26)Mg=-1. 872‰～-2. 124‰,其中δ~(13)C_(PDB)、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的平均值与中三叠世全球海水相似;δ~(18)O_(PDB)为弱负漂及正偏移。从D2、D1至D0、AD0,Sr、Na和大部分微量元素含量及比值和δ~(18)O_(PDB)逐渐增加; AD0、少量D0或MD相对富含硅、铝,并与高(低镁)方解石、黏土、有机质等共生。离子组成反映出白云石的前驱物以方解石型为主,少量为文石、原白云石结构。存在广盐、稍咸和超盐度的碱性等沉积环境。白云岩形成主要受向上变浅米级旋回序列,干燥、炎热为主、偶夹潮湿古气候以及古地貌-古水文条件等因素影响。存在浅潟湖的萨勃哈(AD0或D0)、环潮缘至局限台地(D0-D1、微生物诱导MD)、潮间-潮下的微生物礁(席)构成的障壁的台缘带(MD-CD1-CD)、潮坪-开阔台地(D0-D2-CD1、MD)等环境,以萨勃哈和受蒸发泵-密度差驱动的"渗透-回流白云石化"模式为主。 相似文献