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祁连山林区大气降水特征与森林对降水的截留作用 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：30
通过对连山寺大隆林区定位站1975－2000年的降水特征与森林对降水的再分配分析，建立了祁连山大隆林区降水与温度，降水与湿度，林冠截留的关系式。该区多年平均降水量为433.5mm，年变幅在326.4-539.7mm;降水量最大出现在夏季，占全年降水量的65．70％；海拔高度每升高100m，年了量平均递增4．55％，林区温度和湿度均与降水有较好的拟合关系。青海云杉林与祁连圆柏林林冠对大气降水的平均截留率分别为37．5％，31．7％，灌木林的截留率平均高达66．5％。青海云杉林林冠层平均截留率随着降雨量的增大逐渐减小，当降雨量为18.67mm时，林冠截留量达到最大，为14.72mm；青海云杉树干径流量占降水量的0．51％，当降雨量超过12.0mm时，才开始产生树干径流。青海云杉林枯枝落叶层对降雨的截留量随降雨量级增加而增大，截留率则随降雨量减小而增大，枯枝落叶层所具有的截留降雨和调蓄降雨作用使祁连山林区基本不发生地表径流。分析结果表明，祁连山林区对水源涵养和水流出山的时间调控有重要意义。 相似文献
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Diagenetic history of tight sandstones and gas entrapment in the Yulin Gas Field in the central area of the Ordos Basin,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Liuping Zhang Guoping Bai Xiaorong Luo Xinhua Ma Mengjin Chen Minghui Wu Wenxiu Yang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with an area of 250,000 km2 in central China. Upper Paleozoic coals and shales serve as gas source rocks with peak generation and migration at the end of the early Cretaceous. Recent exploration has verified the huge gas potential in the “basin-centered gas accumulation system” (BCGAS). However, the mechanism for the gas accumulation is controversial. With an integrated approach of thin-section petrography, ultra-violet fluorescence microscopy, fluid inclusion microthermometry, Raman microspectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, we identified diagenetic trapping and evaluated the diagenetic history of sandstone reservoirs in the Yulin Gas Field in the central area, where structural, stratigraphic and/or sedimentary lithologic traps have not been found. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging occurred, respectively, in the late Triassic, late Jurassic and at the end of the early Cretaceous. In the first two phases, acidic water entered the reservoir and caused dissolution and cementation, resulting in porosity increase. However, further subsidence and diagenesis, including compaction and cementation, markedly reduced the pore space. At the end of the early Cretaceous, the bulk of the gas migrated into the tight reservoirs, and the BCGAS trap was formed. In the updip portion of this system, cementation continued to occur due to low gas saturation and has provided effective seals to retain gas for a longer period of time than water block in the BCGAS. The mechanism for the gas entrapment was changed from water block by capillary pressure in the BCGAS to diagenetic sealing. The diagenetic seals in the updip portion of the sand body were formed after gas charging, which indicates that there is a large hydrocarbon exploration potential at the basin-centered area. 相似文献
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