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The transformation of depositional lime mud to microporous micrite has been the subject of several important papers recently in response to the recognition that micropores are important to the production of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. The origin of micrite has generally been described as a micro dissolution and reprecipitation process (often referred to as Ostwald ripening), with nanometer-sized depositional particles being dissolved and larger crystals (micrite) averaging 2 μm in diameter being precipitated. These conclusions were tested by detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of micrite and minimicrite crystals found in the mid-Pliocene to upper Miocene section of the Clino core taken on the western edge of the Bahama Bank. Minimicrite in this data set is shown to be composed of both aragonite and calcite with calcite being the dominate mineral. In addition, micrite crystals are composed of cemented nanometer-sized calcite crystals and are not individually precipitated calcite crystals. As a result, the faces of the micrite are anhedral and knobby in appearance rather than being smooth, euhedral crystal faces. Extensive size measurements could find no size selectivity in the dissolution of the calcite minimicrite, indicating that the Ostwald ripening process is not active. Aragonite and calcite crystals are dissolved and some calcite crystals act as nuclei for the precipitation of the dissolved carbonate. The origin of the micropores is also debated. Some authors call upon a dissolution event to increase porosity of a partially cemented micrite, based largely on the anhedral nature of the micrite. Others conclude that porosity is originally inherited from the deposition lime mud and that porosity is lost by overgrowth cementation, which results in euhedral micrite crystals. The observations presented here show that anhedral crystals are due to the inclusion of nanometer calcite crystals rather than to dissolution of euhedral crystals. Lastly, these micrite crystals are formed by calcite and aragonite sediment precipitated from an aragonitic sea, disproving the assertion of some authors that porous micrite only forms from sediments deposited in calcitic seas. 相似文献
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论泥晶套与次生白云岩原岩结构特征的恢复及意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文以偏光显微镜岩石薄片，扫描电镜，阴极发光等岩石学研究成果为基础资料，结合矿物学，岩石学，沉积学及物理化学基础理论，对白云岩中的残余结构，碳酸盐岩颗粒泥晶套的矿物成分，成岩变化及其在白云化等成岩作用过程中对颗粒结构及形态的保护作用进行了较为深入和系统的研究，认为泥晶套及其精细的鉴别对次生白云岩原岩结构特征及沉积环境的恢复既有重要的鉴定意义也是重要的研究方法，本文首先根据碳酸盐岩结构组分的类型，交代强度及可识别性把次生白云岩的残余结构分为交代残余结构，交代影像结构及交代晶粒结构三大类；每一大类还可根据具体的结构组分类型等进一步细分和命名。同时认为在研究次生白云岩残余结构（构造）的过程中，可通过寻找和鉴别受泥晶套保护的颗粒结构或轮廓，进而分析判别原始颗粒的结构和类型，达到恢复白云岩原岩（结构特征）的目的，在上述实际资料研究的基础上，又通过理论研究认为碳酸盐岩颗粒的泥晶套具有保护颗粒结构及形态免遭白云化作用等成岩作用彻底破坏的作用，这是因为泥晶套的原始矿物组成主要是文石，方解石及有机质等，且可在沉积期及成岩过程中吸附一定量的粘土矿物，泥晶套矿物晶体细小，特别是粘土矿物具有笼形结构，可以有选择地中附一定大小的分子（或离子），结果使泥晶套具有分子筛（催化作用），渗透膜的作用，既保护了颗粒免遭白云化作用等成岩作用的破坏，又加速了白云化作用等成岩作用的速度。 相似文献
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Morphometry of micrite particles in cretaceous microporous limestones of the Middle East: Influence on reservoir properties 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Matthieu Deville de Periere Christophe DurletEmmanuelle Vennin Laurent LambertRaphael Bourillot Bruno CalineEmmanuelle Poli 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(9):1727-1750
Microporosity may account for a significant part of the total porosity of Cretaceous limestone reservoirs of the Middle East. In these microporous facies porosity is moderate to excellent (up to 35%) while permeability is poor to moderate (up to 190 mD). Micritic limestones also may form dense layers with very low porosity and permeability values.Micritic samples were collected from three fields of the Habshan and Mishrif Formations, to examine the spatial relationship with their porosity, permeability and pore throat radius distributions. Two key parameters of the micritic particles are studied using scanning electron microscopy: their morphology (shape and inter-crystal contacts), and their crystallometry.Results reveal that micrite matrixes can be subdivided into three petrophysical classes. Class C (strictly microporous limestones with coarse punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is made up of coarse (>2 μm) polyhedral to rounded micritic crystals, it has good to excellent porosity (8-28%), poor to moderate permeability (0.2-190 mD) and a mean pore threshold radius of more than 0.5 μm. The class C is usually observed in rudist shoal facies where relatively high hydrodynamic energy disfavoured deposition of the finer micritic crystals. It also developed within meteoric leaching intervals below exposure surfaces. Class F (strictly microporous limestones with fine punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is composed of fine (<2 μm) polyhedral to rounded micrites with poor to excellent porosity (3-35%), but permeability values of less than 10 mD and a mean pore threshold radius of less than 0.5 μm. It is mostly observed in sediments deposited in a low energy muddy inner platform setting. Class D (strictly microporous mud-dominated facies with compact anhedral to fused dense micrites) comprises subhedral to anhedral crystals with sutured contacts forming a dense matrix. It has very low porosity and permeability. Class D is only found in low energy muddy inner platform facies and forms inter-reservoir or caps rock layers in close association with stylolites and clay contents that usually exceed 10%. 相似文献
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Within the past decade exceptional preservation of original organic components have been reported from several dinosaurian families, including members of Sauropodomorpha. Here we document the partial preservation of a vertebral ligament in the dorsal and sacral series of a titanosaur. Unlike other cases of tissue preservation, this structure does not represent biomineralization of the original organic components. Histology, morphology, and comparative anatomy from extant taxa as well as the preferential placement on the vertebral column suggests that it represents the partial preservation of the nuchal ligament. While preservation of other sauropod connective tissues are known, this case represents the first reported non-biomineralized tissue from a sauropod. In consideration of the location and external and internal morphologies compared to modern vertebral ligaments, we believe this structure to be the micritic replacement of the original tissue via microbially-mediated processes. Along with the suggestive external morphology, internally we interpret some of the unusual structures to represent the remnants of the collagen and elastin fascicles that are strongly overprinted by a clotted, thrombolytic-like fabric recording microbial activity and deposition of micrite prior to lithification. In consideration of the interpreted depositional history, we theorize that post-deposition, bacteria deposited the micrite as a byproduct of metabolization. Subsequently, the recognition of this structure as a vertebral ligament, the largest of such thus documented, substantiates previous findings on the morphological attributes of sauropod vertebral ligaments. 相似文献
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