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Understanding the role of the oceans in the Earth's changing climate requires comprehension of the relevant metabolic pathways which produce climatically important trace gases. The global ocean represents one of the largest natural sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) that is produced by selected archaea and/or bacteria during nitrogen (N) metabolism. In this study, the role of nitrite (NO2−) in the production of N2O in the upper water column of the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre was investigated, focusing primarily on the lower euphotic zone where NO2− concentrations at the primary NO2− maximum reached 195 nmol L−1. Free-drifting sediment trap arrays were deployed to measure N cycle processes in sinking particulate material and the addition of selected N substrates to unpreserved sediment traps provided an experimental framework to test hypotheses regarding N2O production pathways and controls. Sinking particles collected using NO2−-amended, unpreserved sediment traps exhibited significant production of N2O at depths between 100 and 200 m. Subsequent stable isotope tracer measurements conducted on sediment trap material amended with 15NO2− yielded elevated δ15N values of N2O, supporting N2O production via a NO2− metabolism pathway. Experiments on seawater collected from 150 m showed N2O production via NO2− metabolism also occurs in the water-column and indicated that the concentration of NO2− relative to NH4+ availability may be an important control. These findings provide evidence for the production of N2O via nitrifer-denitrification in the lower euphotic zone of the open ocean, whereby NO2− is reduced to N2O by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. 相似文献
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Possible link between new coronavirus variants and atmospheric lightning and seawater intrusion 
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下载免费PDF全文 自新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发一年多以来,已经对全球产生深远影响.新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株的出现使当前疫情发展充满了不确定性.从这方面出发,我们讨论病毒变异与大气因素之间的联系.根据固氮过程和硝酸盐在人体中的转化过程,我们提出了新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株的出现或许和闪电以及海水入侵有联系.我们的研究对新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株可能的产生原因提供新的观点. 相似文献
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象山港氮、磷营养盐环流和分布规律的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用定点监测分析方法,研究了象山港狭湾内设置的六个固定站位1992-2007年时间段内的硝酸氮(NO3-N)、亚硝酸氮(NO2-N)、铵氮(NH4-N)和磷酸盐(PO4-P)浓度的监测数据,探讨了象山港狭湾内(122°00'E以西)氮、磷营养盐的环流和分布规律.结果表明,(1)除个别年份外,16年内硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、铵氮和磷酸盐浓度的空间分布,从港顶1号站向港口6号站呈降低趋势,其中以PO4-P、NO2-N的降低趋势最为明显,而NH4-N的降低趋势相对较弱.(2)NO3-N的空间变化规律较为复杂,并且3号站的浓度往往达到最大值.(3)无论是平水期(4月)还是丰水期(7月),表层盐度均低于底层,而表层温度高于底层;盐度从港顶1号站向港口6号站递增,而温度递减.这种分布规律基本上可用余环流模式进行解释,但余环流输运并不是促使营养盐入海的唯一原因,潮振荡的垂向剪切造成的纵向弥散和潮混合亦对营养盐输运有重大贡献.(4)与1992年相比,2007年各站的NO3-N浓度几乎都增加了一倍,PO4-P浓度增幅更大,说明象山港的氮、磷污染与日俱增. 相似文献
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Application of a portable spectrophotometric analysis system for measurement of nitrite in seawater is described in this work. The spectral analysis system (SEAS) used for observations of the primary nitrite maximum (PNM) has an operational depth of 500 m and is capable of fully autonomous data acquisition and analysis. The liquid core waveguides (LCWs) used as optical cells in SEAS allow for optical pathlengths as long as 5 m and provide subnanomolar detection limits for a variety of analytes. The 1-m waveguide used in the present study had an internal volume of 0.52 cm3 and provided NO2− measurement precisions and detection limits on the order of 1.2 and 2.5 nM. The time required for a complete in situ analysis, approximately 3–5 min, allows acquisition of detailed profiles on time scales commensurate with the duration of typical hydrocast operations. NO2− profiles in the Gulf of Mexico showed very sharp gradients over a 5–10-m depth range and a primary nitrite maximum between 100 and 130 m. A shoulder was often observed approximately 10 m below the primary maximum, with relatively slowly decreasing NO2− concentrations at increasing depth. 相似文献
5.
Effects of waterborne nitrite onphase I–II biotransformation in channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)
The effects of waterborne nitrite (3 mg/l NO2) on channel catfish were studied to evaluate changes in hematological parameters and phase I–II biotransformation in liver slices. Nitrite-exposed fish had significantly higher methemoglobin, blood and liver nitrite, and significantly lower pO2 than control fish. Total phase I-mediated metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin (EC) was not altered in nitrite-exposed fish compared with control fish (291±43 and 312±20 pmol/mg/h, respectively). However, phase II glucuronosyltransferase-mediated metabolism of 7-hydroxycoumarin (HC), both as a phase I metabolite of EC and as a parent substrate, was elevated in nitrite-exposed fish (204±17 and 1007±103 pmol/mg/h, respectively) as compared to control fish (149±14 and 735±87 pmol/mg/h) (P<0.05). Sulfotransferase-mediated metabolism of HC (as a metabolite of EC and as a parent substrate) was not notably altered in nitrite-exposed fish (95±16 and 617±33 pmol/mg protein/h, respectively) as compared with control fish (118±24 and 575±55 pmol/mg/h, respectively). These studies indicate that in vivo nitrite exposure and associated changes in hematological parameters do not appear to affect hepatic phase I EC biotransformation in channel catfish. However, subtle but significant changes in phase II glucuronidation, but not sulfation activity, were observed. The mechanism of these alterations is unclear. However, the data suggest that environmentally realistic concentrations of nitrite may affect the dynamics of conjugative metabolism in exposed fish. 相似文献
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珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以nirS基因为分子标记,将PCR、克隆文库构建与测序和典范对应分析相结合,对珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物的群落多样性进行了研究。3个站位共获得180个nirS基因克隆子,隶属于62个OTUs,氨基酸序列的相似性在50%—100%之间。各站位OTU分布格局差异明显,范围在19—33之间,表现出高度的多样性。系统进化分析表明,62个OTUs形成了5个类群,分别与河口、海洋沉积物、海岸养殖排放废水、富营养化海湾及海水养殖沉积物等的反硝化微生物聚类在一起,表明珠江口作为海淡水交汇区具有独特的反硝化微生物群落分布格局,同时也指示了珠江口氮污染及富营养化程度。典范对应分析结果表明,盐度、氮相关营养盐水平(PON/TN、NH4-N、NO-N和NO-N)可能是影响其分布格局的重要因素。 相似文献
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[目的]建立水中苯胺浓度的6种重氮偶合分光光度测定法。[方法]向含有苯胺的水样中分别加入N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺盐酸盐、α-萘胺、α-萘酚、邻甲氧基酚、8-羟基喹啉和变色酸,在亚硝酸钠作用下发生重氮偶合反应,采用分光光度法分别在545、540、495、450、480和510nm处进行测定。[结果]6种显色体系在线性范围分别为0~5.5、0~6.0、0~6.5、0~11.5、0~10.0和0~9.5mg/L,所得苯胺的回归方程呈现较好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.009、0.011、0.014、0.032、0.025和0.022mg/L;平均回收率在95.1~105.3%范围内;RSD在1.96~4.80%范围内。采用该6种方法与气相色谱法测定水中苯胺浓度,差异均无统计学意义。[结论]6种方法均简单、快捷、准确度高,可用于水中苯胺浓度的快速测定。 相似文献
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A linear response function RF=C_H R_H+C_T(1-R_T)(R_H=peak height,used as a measure of‘sensitivity’,and R_T=analysis time,1-R_T,used as a measure of sampling rate)was used to optimize aFIA system for the determination of nitrite in water with respect to four experimental parameters(twotube lengths and two flow rates)by a Simplex procedure.The weights C_H and C_T placed on R_H and R_Twere systematically varied to cover their allowed range and the system obtained in each optimizationexperiment was implemented and evaluated by determining the following analytical parameters:reproducibility,limit of detection and sampling rate,It was found that these depend very markedly onthe weights used in the response function.Hence the use of a linear function for optimization provides auseful procedure for assessing the versatility of the experimental technique and for choosing the systemsfor its implementation in different practical situations. 相似文献
10.
A direct, spectrophotometric method has been adapted for quantitative determination of nitrate concentrations in seawater. The method is based on nitration of resorcinol in acidified seawater, resulting in a color product. The absorption spectrum obtained for the reaction product shows a maximum absorption at 505 nm, with a molar absorptivity of 1.7 × 104 L mol− 1 cm− 1. This method has a detection limit of 0.5 μM and is linear up to 400 μM for nitrate. The advantage of this method is that all reagents are in aqueous solutions without involving cadmium granules as a heterogeneous reactant, as in conventional methods, and therefore is simple to implement. Application of the resorcinol to seawater analysis demonstrated that the results obtained are in good agreement with the conventional approach involving the reduction of nitrate by cadmium followed by diazotization. 相似文献