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排序方式: 共有69条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
During the late Paleozoic, the intracratonic Paraná Basin, Brazil, in central Gondwanaland, was covered by a huge (>1.600.000 km2), shallow and isolated epeiric sea. Within the Permian succession, oxygen-deficient facies are commonly recorded in the Mesosaurus-bearing Irati Formation (Cisuralian, Artinskian/Kungurian) and the overlaying Serra Alta Formation (Guadalupian, Wordian/Capitanian). Barren, dark-grey mudstones are the main facies preserved in this last unit, which has usually discouraged extensive and detailed stratigraphical and paleontological investigations. However, exhaustive sedimentological, taphonomic and paleontological surveys in those deposits reveal a dynamic and complex depositonal history. Based on sedimentary fabric, autochthonous to parautochthonous occurrences of shelly benthic invertebrates (bivalves) and the presence/absence of concretion-bearing and phosphate-rich layers, we report variations in the oxygen levels of bottom and pore waters, in bathymetry, sedimentation rates, and changes in benthic colonization. Our data indicate that the deposition of this “apparently barren” mudstone-dominated succession was driven by a complex interplay of variations in sedimentation rate and oxygen pulses tied to tectonic and climate changes. Three distinct populations or invertebrate paleocommunities were recorded, which were adapted to (a) normal background low-oxygen (dysoxic) conditions (i.e., minute infaunal suspension-feeding bivalves associated with the trace fossil Planolites), (b) chemically toxic (anoxic/extreme dysoxic) substrates, including gigantic burrowing bivalves (probable chemosymbiotic taxa), and (c) oxic/dysoxic substrates following short-term bottom disruptions. 相似文献
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In deep-sea environments, plant remains of several origins are found, including branches, twigs, leaves, and wood pieces, among others. As most of the deep-sea bottoms are oligotrophic and nutrient-limited, plant remains provide an oasis of localized organic enrichment and a substrate for colonization. Sunken wood was suggested to play an important evolutionary role in the diversification of chemosynthetic ecosystems, possibly representing stepping stones for the colonization between vent and seep ecosystems. In order to understand colonization processes of the Pacific Costa Rican meio-epifaunal assemblages associated with sunken wood, a field experiment was conducted on Mound 12 (8°55.778′N, 84°18.730′W) at ~1,000 m water depth. Woodblocks were placed in four different habitats (Mussel beds, tube worms, near mussel beds, rubble bottoms), and different local environmental conditions (seepage-active and seepage-inactive sites). Seven experimental Douglas fir woodblocks (each 1,047 cm2 in surface area) were deployed from the R/V Atlantis using the manned submersible Alvin in February 2009 and recovered after 10.5 months in January 2010. Sample processing and analyses led to a data set of abundance (total 9,951 individuals) and spatial distribution of nine meio-epifaunal higher taxa/groups. Meio-epifaunal densities on individual woodblocks ranged from 3 to 26 ind.10 cm2. Copepods accounted for the highest abundances (75.1%), followed by nauplii larvae (11.7%) and nematodes (9.8%). The maximum number of individuals (26.3 ind.10 cm−2) was found in blocks placed in seepage-inactive areas (near active mussel beds) in contrast to 2.9 ind.10 cm−2 in active areas (within a mussel bed). A hierarchical cluster analysis grouped blocks according to seepage activity and not to habitat, but tests of similarity showed no significant differences in higher taxon composition and abundances, probably owing either to substrate homogeneity or low sample size. Copepods were the most abundant representatives, suggesting that this group is one of the most successful in colonizing in the early stage of succession, in this case while hardwood substrates are not yet decomposed or bored by bivalves. 相似文献
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SA Mwachireya M Carreiro-Silva BE Hartwick TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42
Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future. 相似文献
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Hydrophobic and electrostatic parameters in bacterial adhesion 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht Willem Norde Johannes Lyklema Alexander J. B. Zehnder 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(1):103-114
Recently it has been shown that the initial stages of bacterial adhesion to a model-surface of sulphated polystyrene can best be described using hydrophobic and electrostatic parameters. In the present study it is tested whether these parameters can generally be applied to predict bacterial adhesion by using (i) glass, as a model for hydrophilic and natural surfaces of silicates and oxides, (ii) polystyrene coated with proteins, as a model for a surface coated with an organic layer, and (iii) river Rhine sediment, as an example of a natural surface. Adhesion to glass was dominated by electrostatic interaction, whereas adhesion to polystyrene coated with various types of proteins depended on the surface characteristics of the bacteria and the type of protein. By relating Van der Waals interactions to hydrophobicity of the interacting species, the adhesion of bacteria to the various surfaces including the river Rhine sediments could be interpreted in terms of the DLVO-theory. It is therefore concluded that the conceptual principles of the DLVO-theory (interplay of Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions) are suitable to describe, at least qualitatively, the initial processes of bacterial adhesion to a wide range of surfaces. 相似文献
6.
Sandwich pipes (SP), a composite structure consisting of two concentric steel tubes and a polymeric or cement-based core has been proposed to be well-insulated and withstand high installation and operational loads in deepwater oil and gas field. In the paper, the post-buckling responses and pressure capacity of sandwich pipes filled with the solid polypropylene annular were investigated. The degree of the inter-layer adhesion condition between the core layer and the surrounding pipes was modeled by the contact surfaces adopting different maximum shear strength values to allow the relative displacement between the layers. The effects such as inter-layer adhesion interactions, thickness-to-radius ratios, the core thickness, the material parameters, the relative initial ovality directions and the inelastic anisotropy on the collapse pressure of SPs were discussed. More than 2000 finite element (FE) models of the sandwich pipes with practical configurations were constructed and analyzed using the programming language Python within the FE software package ABAQUS. Based on the FE results, a simplified equation was developed and recommended for the collapse pressure calculation of sandwich pipes with the polypropylene annular. 相似文献
7.
微生物作用下玄武岩的溶解: 粘附作用和温度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用透析的方法,设计实验探讨了多粘芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的粘附对玄武岩中矿物溶解的影响,同时通过改变实验温度,探讨了岩石的微生物溶解与温度的关系.10 d的实验结果表明,在30 ℃条件下,细菌P. polymyxa及其代谢产物对玄武岩的溶解有显著促进作用,加速了橄榄石中Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出及辉石和长石中Ca、Al的溶出,而在5℃条件下,这种促进作用不明显.细菌及其代谢物的粘附能加速Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出,抑制Ca的溶出,这种不同的影响与两组元素的溶出机制不同,且粘附对各溶出机制的影响也不同有关,Al的溶出受粘附作用的影响较小.低温条件下,粘附作用对玄武岩中各元素的溶出基本无影响. 相似文献
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Chuan Zhao Thorsten Brinkhoff Malte Burchardt Meinhard Simon Gunther Wittstock 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):305-315
Adhesion of two marine bacteria Shewanella sp. strain T1 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain T8, on differently terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold was investigated. The selected
model surfaces—terminated by CH3, OH, NH2, COOH, OH-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol), and methyl-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)—are characterized by contact angle
measurement using water, methylene iodide, 1-bromonaphthalene, and formamide. Surface free energies were calculated. Cell
counting of the two bacterial strains on the model surfaces after different times revealed differences between the two strains
by at least one order of magnitude. For the different surfaces, the bacteria showed comparably small selectivity. Atomic force
microscopy images of adhered bacteria showed very different fingerprints on the different surfaces.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible to authorized users. 相似文献