Chlorine-36 in groundwater of the United States: empirical data     

Stanley N. Davis  Stephen Moysey  DeWayne L. Cecil  Marek Zreda 《Hydrogeology Journal》2003,11(2):217-227

Natural production of the radionuclide chlorine-36 (³⁶Cl) has provided a valuable tracer for groundwater studies. The nuclear industry, especially the testing of thermonuclear weapons, has also produced large amounts of ³⁶Cl that can be detected in many samples of groundwater. In order to be most useful in hydrologic studies, the natural production prior to 1952 should be distinguished from more recent artificial sources. The object of this study was to reconstruct the probable preanthropogenic levels of ³⁶Cl in groundwater in the United States. Although significant local variations exist, they are superimposed on a broad regional pattern of ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios in the United States. Owing to the influence of atmospherically transported ocean salt, natural ratios of ³⁶Cl/total Cl are lowest near the coast and increase to a maximum in the central Rocky Mountains of the United States. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

铅—试铁灵络合物吸附波及溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张淑云  何平 《岩矿测试》1997,16(4):313-315

在０３０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＡｃ介质中，Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）与７＿碘＿８＿羟基喹啉＿５＿磺酸（试铁灵，Ｆｅｒｏｎ）的络合物于－０５４Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）产生一尖锐的极谱波，加入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）显著增敏，可使极谱波增高约４倍。峰电流与Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）浓度在９６×１０－９～４８×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ呈良好的线性关系，检出限为４８×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用多种电化学方法研究了该极谱波的性质及电极反应机理表明，络合物组成比为ｎＰｂ（Ⅱ）∶ｎＦｅｒｏｎ＝１∶１，极谱波为吸附波，峰电流由中心离子Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）还原产生，电子转移数为２。试验了多种离子对峰电流的影响，拟定的方法用于矿样分析，结果与原结果相符。  相似文献   

锡－盐酸－溴化十四烷基三甲铵极谱催化波体系及其应用     

张文江  姚修仁 《岩矿测试》1995,(1)

在０．００２％溴化十四烷基三甲铵（ＴＴＭＡＢ）－２０％ＨＣＩ体系中，Ｓｎ有一灵敏的吸附波，峰电位在－０．４７Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ），线性范围２～１０００ｎｇ／ｍｌ。体系可用于岩石、土壤样品中微量Ｓｎ测定；机理研究表明，溴化一四烷基三甲铵通过诱导吸附ＳｎＣｌ提高测定的灵敏度。  相似文献   

Content Variations of Rubidium and Bromide in Sylvite Derived from Carnallite by Leaching of Magnesium Chloride     

CHENG Huaide  HAI Qingyu  ZHANG Xiying  FAN Qishun  MA Haizhou 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):298-300

正The relationship between sylvinite and carnallite is important in the potash mine body contained carnallite,especially sylvinite overlies carnallite,the reverse of a normal depositional sequence.Trace elements are more  相似文献   

Bromide as a conservative tracer for soil-water studies     

B. S. Levy  R. M. Chambers 《水文研究》1987,1(4):385-389

The assumption that potassium bromide is a conservative tracer for soil-water studies was tested in a series of batch sorption experiments. Sorption experiments were conducted on soil samples collected from the O, E, and A horizons of the Albemarle soil series near Charlottesville, VA. The experiments were conducted under conditions of differing bromide concentration and filter treatments. Bromide concentrations in soil-solution mixtures were measured through time using an Orion bromide-specific electrode. An analysis of variance of results showed no significant sorption of bromide through time under any concentration level or filter treatment (α = 0·01). No sorption of bromide between different soil horizons could be determined. This work clearly indicates that bromide is conservative under the conditions examined.  相似文献   

Chloride and Bromide Loss from Sea-Salt Particles in Southern Ocean Air   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. P. Ayers  R. W. Gillett  J. M Cainey  A. L. Dick 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(3):299-319

Datasets on aerosol composition in Southern Ocean air at Cape Grim and Macquarie Island, and rainwater composition at Cape Grim, have been analysed for sea-salt components in order to test the validity of the multiphase autocatalytic halogen activation process proposed initially by Sander and Crutzen (1996) and developed fully for clean marine air by Vogt et al. (1996). Four distinct datasets from the two locations were analysed. All four datasets provided consistent evidence in support of three predictions of the autocatalytic model: (1) overall Cl- deficits in sea-salt aerosol were small, difficult to quantify against analytical uncertainty and at most a few percent; (2) Br- deficits were large, averaging –30% to –50% on an annual basis, with strong seasonality ranging from about –10% in some winter samples to –80% or more in some summer samples; and (3) the Br- and Cl- deficits were clearly linked to the availability of strong, S-acidity in the aerosol, confirming the importance of acid catalysis to the dehalogenation process.  相似文献   

有机改性粘土对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝去除   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘国锋  钟继承  张雷  范成新  任小龙 《湖泊科学》2009,21(3):363-368

如何有效的去除富营养化水体中频繁出现的藻华,已成为湖泊环境治理中的一个迫切问题.通过用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的原位沉积物为介质,利用搅拌器和沉积物再悬浮发生装置来研究烷基铵盐改性物质絮凝去除铜绿微囊藻细胞的作用和效果.结果表明,烷基铵盐和粘土的添加量分别为0.3g/L和0.2g/L,搅拌停止30min后,其去除效率达83.9%:在絮凝沉降500min后,水体中藻细胞去除率可达98.9%,较能有效的絮凝沉降藻细胞;同时水体的浊度也有相应的提高.电镜扫描表明这种活性剂形成的网捕包膜作用对藻细胞的沉降起到了重要作用.但烷基铵盐的杀菌作用可能会造成藻细胞内含物向水体释放的风险.  相似文献   

Experimental Investigation on Abstraction of Phenol Onto Micrococcus lylae and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide          下载免费PDF全文

Natarajan Saravani  Muthukumarasamy Arulmozhi  Kugarajah Vaidhegi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1489-1498

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蛭石精矿的有机改性试验     

李雪梅  廖立兵  谷勤  李瑞  王春燕 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):63-66

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)对蛭石精矿进行了有机改性,利用X射线衍射法(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重分析(TG)对蛭石精矿和有机改性蛭石进行了表征。实验结果表明,当反应液中蛭石与水的质量比为1∶10、反应温度在60~70℃时,HDTMAB的阳离子HDTMA进入绝大部分蛭石晶粒的晶层,将蛭石的晶层间距撑大,蛭石的(001)晶面间距d001从1.45986 nm增大到3.70134 nm。HDTMA进入了单晶颗粒之间,将蛭石颗粒分散成单晶颗粒。  相似文献   

氯溴碘连续电位滴定研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

但德忠  姚红英 《矿物岩石》1991,11(2):108-113

本文对Cl~-,Br~-,I离子的连续电位滴定进行了详细研究,着重解决了Cl~-,Br~-离子高摩尔比连测的难题。采用Gran作图法并严格控制操作条件,Cl~-,Br~-,I~-摩尔比从1:1:1至100:1:1均能准确测定。方法操作简单、快速、准确。  相似文献