Differential Colonization of Roots of Rhizophora mangle by the Wood Boring Isopod Sphaeroma terebrans as a Mechanism to Increase Root Density     

Georg  Ribi 《Marine Ecology》1982,3(1):13-19

Abstract. The frequency of parasitism of free ending prop roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, by the wood boring isopod Sphaeroma terebrans, increased with increasing distance of the endings to established roots. In a field experiment, in which isolated endings were, surrounded by wooden sticks, the endings were colonized by S. terebrans at a lower rate than control endings, thus indicating that the wooden structures in the vicinity of the ending tended to reduce colonization rate by S. terebrans. It is concluded that S. terebrans may cause mangrove root density to increase by colonizing peripheral endings more readily than endings which are near established roots.  相似文献   

Substrate selection and seasonal variation in abundance and size composition of isopod Lirceus fontinalis in Ontario streams, Canada     

ZHAO Xiaoxia Michael G FOX David C. LASENBY Alexis C. ARMIT Dolly N. KOTHAWALA 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(2):215-220

The abundance and size composition of stream isopods Lirceus fontinalis were investigated from April 2001 to August 2002 in 3 streams in southern Ontario, Canada. Effects of current speed was released from the analysis by choosing slow flowing water. The effects of substrate, season and water depth on the abundance, distribution and size composition of the isopods were analyzed. It was found that substrate and season influence isopods the most. The rocky substrate with attached filamentous macro-algae contains an isopod abundance 7.05 times that of bare rock substrate and 14.6 times that of fine-sand and mud substrate. There was a large variation with respect to seasonality in both abundance and size composition of the isopods, with the highest abundance occurring in summer and the lowest in winter and spring; individual isopods also tend to be larger in the winter and spring. In all substrates, shallow areas tend to support higher densities of isopods than deeper areas.  相似文献   

Terrestrial arthropods from the Late Pleistocene of Jamaica: systematics,palaeoecology and taphonomy     

Els Baalbergen  Stephen K. Donovan 《Geological Journal》2013,48(6):628-645

The Red Hills Road Cave, Jamaica, is the most important site for terrestrial arthropods in the post‐Miocene of the Greater Antilles. Its fauna includes millipedes, isopods, crabs and insects, in addition to land snails and vertebrates. Arthropods are preserved in three dimensions and delicate structures such as limbs can be recognized. This unusual preservation was favoured by acidic groundwater rich in dissolved calcium carbonate; periods of high rainfall during which the bottle‐shaped cave was filled with water; and any arthropod washed in would have drowned. The absence of spiders, centipedes and most insects is due to the absence of carbonate in their exoskeletons. Millipedes and isopods possess a potential for preservation by carbonate mineralization that does not occur in other groups; they secrete calcium carbonate in the exoskeleton which hardens the cuticle and is water permeable, bringing about mineral replacement of the original structures. Within the cave, fossil millipede taxa include Rhinocricus sp. or spp., Chondrotropis sp., Caraibodesmus verrucosus (Pocock) and Cyclodesmus sp. cf. C. porcellanus Pocock. The isopod fauna includes Pseudarmadillo sp., Venezillo boonae Van Name, and Philoscia spp. 1 and 2. Crab claws belong to Sesarma sp. cf. S. cookei Hartnoll. Millipedes and isopods are particularly complete, representing drowned individuals fossilized soon after death; land crabs occur as fingers and rare chelae, suggesting that they may be exuviae. Only the most robust parts of insects have been discovered, but are particularly rare, consisting of three taxa of fly puparia and one possible beetle elytra. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Life Histories and Breeding Patterns of Three Intertidal Sand Beach Isopods     

AN M. C. DE Ruyck    Theodore E.  Donn Jr Anton  McLachlan 《Marine Ecology》1991,12(2):105-121

Abstract. Three-weekly transects were done over a 14-month period at Sundays River Beach, a high energy beach in Algoa Bay, South Africa, to determine the life histories, breeding patterns, and fecundities of three intertidal cirolanid isopods. Eurydice longicornis. Pontogeloides latipes , and Excirolana naialensis. E. longicornis exhibits an annual, multivoltine life history with a more extended breeding period than the other two species. P. latipes and E. natalensis both have biennial. univoltine life histories with lower fecundities than E. longicornis.  相似文献   

Host‐dependent differences in resource use associated with Anilocra spp. parasitism in two coral reef fishes,as revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses          下载免费PDF全文

Rachel L. Welicky  Amanda W. J. Demopoulos  Paul C. Sikkel 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

The role of parasites in trophic ecology is poorly understood in marine ecosystems. Stable isotope analyses (SIA) have been widely used in studies of trophic ecology, but have rarely been applied to study the role of parasites. Considering that some parasites are associated with altered host foraging patterns, SIA can help elucidate whether parasitism influences host trophic interactions. French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum), an abundant Caribbean coral reef fish, contributes greatly to trophic connectivity. They typically depart the reef at dusk, feed overnight in seagrass beds, and return to the reef at dawn. The large parasitic isopod Anilocra haemuli commonly infects French grunt, and infected fish are less likely to complete their diel migration, and are in poorer condition than uninfected conspecifics. Brown chromis (Chromis multilineata) are diurnally feeding planktivores and infection by Anilocra chromis does not influence host condition. To determine if Anilocra infection influences host diet and foraging locality, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses on scale, muscle, heart and gill tissues of infected and uninfected French grunt and brown chromis. We determined that all French grunt had δ¹³C values representative of seagrass habitats, but infected French grunt were significantly enriched in ¹³C and ¹⁵N compared to uninfected conspecifics. This suggests that compared to uninfected conspecifics, infected French grunt forage in seagrass, but on isotopically enriched prey, and/or are in poorer condition, which can elevate δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values. For brown chromis, infection did not significantly influence any δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values; hence they all foraged in the same environment and on similar prey. This is the first study to use SIA to examine differences in resource use by Caribbean coral reef fishes associated with parasitism and to evaluate how closely related parasites might have host‐dependent effects on host trophic ecology.  相似文献   

First record of three giant marine Bathynomids (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from India     

Sankar R  Rajkumar M  SUN Jun  Gopalakrishnan A  Vasanthan T M  Ananthan G  Trilles J P 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(1):113-117

Three species,Bathynomus decemspinosus,B.doederleini and B.kensleyi (Crustacea,Isopoda,Cirolanidae),are reported for the first time from the Parangipettai coastal waters,Southeast coast of India.Several Trilasmis (Temnaspis) tridens (Cirripedia Thoracica,Lepadomorpha) were attached to the pleopods of some individuals.So,five bathynomid species are currently reported from India.  相似文献