Robustness of variograms and conditioning of kriging matrices   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Phil Diamond  Margaret Armstrong 《Mathematical Geology》1984,16(8):809-822

Current ideas of robustness in geostatistics concentrate upon estimation of the experimental variogram. However, predictive algorithms can be very sensitive to small perturbations in data or in the variogram model as well. To quantify this notion of robustness, nearness of variogram models is defined. Closeness of two variogram models is reflected in the sensitivity of their corresponding kriging estimators. The condition number of kriging matrices is shown to play a central role. Various examples are given. The ideas are used to analyze more complex universal kriging systems.Research performed while on leave at Centre de Geóstatistique et de Morphologie Mathématique, Fontainebleau.  相似文献   

浅谈乌鲁木齐地区的地面塌陷   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡卫忠 《地质灾害与环境保护》1998,(1)

通过地面调查资料,对乌鲁木齐地区地面塌陷的成因类型和特征、形成条件、影响因素及其形成机制进行分析,并提出防灾对策。  相似文献   

蓄冰中央空调两级监控系统设计与实现     

徐今强  肖睿  冯自平 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(1)

根据蓄冰中央空调的控制要求设计了一个基于西门子可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的两级监控系统,现场工作站由PLC与触摸屏组成,作为现场监控及数据采集平台;管理工作站由工控计算机和打印机组成,作为主要的人机界面(HMI),除能打印数据及远程监控现场工作站外,还具有现场工作站的所有功能。实际运行结果表明,设计的监控系统能实时监视和控制蓄冰中央空调状态,有效地提高空调系统的制冷量及制冷效率。  相似文献   

The Wiener–Levinson algorithm and ill-conditioned normal equations     

R. J. O'Dowd 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,106(2):399-406

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Performance of Jacobi preconditioning in Krylov subspace solution of finite element equations     

F.‐H. Lee  K.K. Phoon  K.C. Lim  S.H. Chan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(4):341-372

This paper examines the performance of the Jacobi preconditioner when used with two Krylov subspace iterative methods. The number of iterations needed for convergence was shown to be different for drained, undrained and consolidation problems, even for similar condition number. The differences were due to differences in the eigenvalue distribution, which cannot be completely described by the condition number alone. For drained problems involving large stiffness ratios between different material zones, ill‐conditioning is caused by these large stiffness ratios. Since Jacobi preconditioning operates on degrees‐of‐freedom, it effectively homogenizes the different spatial sub‐domains. The undrained problem, modelled as a nearly incompressible problem, is much more resistant to Jacobi preconditioning, because its ill‐conditioning arises from the large stiffness ratios between volumetric and distortional deformational modes, many of which involve the similar spatial domains or sub‐domains. The consolidation problem has two sets of degrees‐of‐freedom, namely displacement and pore pressure. Some of the eigenvalues are displacement dominated whereas others are excess pore pressure dominated. Jacobi preconditioning compresses the displacement‐dominated eigenvalues in a similar manner as the drained problem, but pore‐pressure‐dominated eigenvalues are often over‐scaled. Convergence can be accelerated if this over‐scaling is recognized and corrected for. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

抗震巷道内空调通风系统的设计与实现          下载免费PDF全文

桑海涛  郭献洲 《地震工程学报》2019,41(1):251-256

为解决传统巷道内空调通风系统存在的信息采集准确率较低,性能较差、抗震巷道环境难以改善等问题,提出设计一种新的抗震巷道内空调通风系统。先将系统的整体架构划分为采集层、控制层和监管层三部分,以主控制器为核心,对系统各执行组件做出正确地判断,并对各组件进行统一化控制,完成系统的硬件设计;创建中心服务器信息处理过程,设定风机运行指令,主动采集风速等环境信息,获取实际环境状态,将设定值与实际值进行对比,依据对比结果判断风机是否正常运行,实现系统软件功能的开发。实验结果表明,在不同的震级条件下,该系统能够有效改善抗震巷道环境,系统的信息采集准确率高达85%左右,充分验证了该系统的优越性。  相似文献   

Growth and survival of early juvenile trumulco snail Chorus giganteus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) fed two prey species     

C. S. Gallardo  M. A. Diaz  C. Varela 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):767-773

Comparative data were obtained on the growth and survival of early juveniles of the trumulco snail Chorus giganteus from settlement to an age of 4 months when fed either of the mussel species Semimytilus algosus or Perumytilus purpuratus. Growth of the snails after 4 months was significantly greater when fed S. algosus, ending with a mean size of 6162 μm compared with 5192 μm with P. purpuratus. Survival between the two fed groups was not prey‐specific. Survival of the unfed control group was significantly lower beginning at 14 days post‐metamorphosis. After 63 days, survival within the fed groups was 63.2% and only 16.5% in the unfed control group. The similarity of growth and survival of these juveniles during the first 2 months in culture suggested that both prey species had the same food value. The energy cost to the snails of penetrating the different prey species diverged after the second month, as the shells of P. purpuratus became thicker and thus more difficult to penetrate than those of S. algosus. This was reflected as differences in growth rates for snails fed the 2 species in the following 2 months of the experiment. Unfed snails grew by 107 μm in average during the first 2 weeks of the experiment and then ceased demonstrating the importance of nutritional reserves carried by the larva from hatching through early benthic survival.  相似文献   

浅谈浅层地热能及其开发利用的建议     

张正  张兰玉 《安徽地质》2013,(3):231-233

通过对浅层地热能及地源热泵技术进行了介绍并分析探究了安徽省及周边省份浅层地热能推广开发利用情况,就开发利用浅层地热能如何充分发挥专业技术优势,政府建设主管部门、监理单位如何加强行业监督管理工作提出建议和看法,以期更好地在我省推广开发利用地源热泵技术。  相似文献   

压缩型抗差估计   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

归庆明  张建军  郭建锋 《测绘学报》2000,29(3):224-228

讨论了测量平差中粗差和病态性同时存在时的参数估计问题。针对抗差估计不能抗拒病态性干扰的缺点,运用有偏然计的压缩变换方法,提出了一种新的估计－压缩型抗差估计,理论分析和模拟计算表明,新估计不但能有效的减免粗差的影响,而且能显著的作病态性的干扰,是一种性能良好的估计。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional slope reliability and risk assessment using auxiliary random finite element method     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

This paper aims to propose an auxiliary random finite element method (ARFEM) for efficient three-dimensional (3-D) slope reliability analysis and risk assessment considering spatial variability of soil properties. The ARFEM mainly consists of two steps: (1) preliminary analysis using a relatively coarse finite-element model and Subset Simulation, and (2) target analysis using a detailed finite-element model and response conditioning method. The 3-D spatial variability of soil properties is explicitly modeled using the expansion optimal linear estimation approach. A 3-D soil slope example is presented to demonstrate the validity of ARFEM. Finally, a sensitivity study is carried out to explore the effect of horizontal spatial variability. The results indicate that the proposed ARFEM not only provides reasonably accurate estimates of slope failure probability and risk, but also significantly reduces the computational effort at small probability levels. 3-D slope probabilistic analysis (including both 3-D slope stability analysis and 3-D spatial variability modeling) can reflect slope failure mechanism more realistically in terms of the shape, location and length of slip surface. Horizontal spatial variability can significantly influence the failure mode, reliability and risk of 3-D slopes, especially for long slopes with relatively strong horizontal spatial variability. These effects can be properly incorporated into 3-D slope reliability analysis and risk assessment using ARFEM.  相似文献