Dynamical History of the Earth–Moon System     

G. A. Krasinsky 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2002,84(1):27-55

Differential equations describing the tidal evolution of the earth's rotation and of the lunar orbital motion are presented in a simple close form. The equations differ in form for orbits fixed to the terrestrial equator and for orbits with the nodes precessing along the ecliptic due to solar perturbations. Analytical considerations show that if the contemporary lunar orbit were equatorial the evolution would develop from an unstable geosynchronous orbit of the period about 4.42 h (in the past) to a stable geosynchronous orbit of the period about 44.8 days (in the future). It is also demonstrated that at the contemporary epoch the orbital plane of the fictitious equatorial moon would be unstable in the Liapunov's sense, being asymptotically stable at early stages of the evolution. Evolution of the currently near-ecliptical lunar orbit and of the terrestrial rotation is traced backward in time by numerical integration of the evolutional equations. It is confirmed that about 1.8 billion years ago a critical phase of the evolution took place when the equatorial inclination of the moon reached small values and the moon was in a near vicinity of the earth. Before the critical epoch t _cr two types of the evolution are possible, which at present cannot be unambiguously distinguished with the help of the purely dynamical considerations. In the scenario that seems to be the most realistic from the physical point of view, the evolution also has started from a geosynchronous equatorial lunar orbit of the period 4.19 h. At t < t _cr the lunar orbit has been fixed to the precessing terrestrial equator by strong perturbations from the earth's flattening and by tidal effects; at the critical epoch the solar perturbations begin to dominate and transfer the moon to its contemporary near-ecliptical orbit which evolves now to the stable geosynchronous state. Probably this scenario is in favour of the Darwin's hypothesis about originating the moon by its separation from the earth. Too much short time scale of the evolution in this model might be enlarged if the dissipative Q factor had somewhat larger values in the past than in the present epoch. Values of the length of day and the length of month, estimated from paleontological data, are confronted with the results of the developed model.  相似文献   

风暴潮灾与月相     

郭洪寿  陈祥福 《海洋预报》1992,9(2):39-45

本文以实测资料为依据,统计分析了风暴潮灾、风暴潮、登陆台风、天文高潮等与月相的关系。统计资料表明,登陆台风和台风风暴潮发生在大(小)潮期的次数相对较多,略大于平均数,但它们与月相没有明显的因果关系,它们相对于月相的分布大致上是随机的,如果台风在天文大潮期间登陆,台风引起的暴潮与天文潮叠加后成灾的概率明显增大,但也不一定成灾;成了灾的,往往是风暴潮峰值适逢当日的天文高潮所致。  相似文献   

"嫦娥"卫星绕月飞行轨道的激光测定法     

刘基余 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(10):870-872,880

依据地月激光测距的成功实践和对卫星激光定轨的基础研究,提出了用地面对嫦娥卫星作激光测距的方法,高精度地测定嫦娥卫星绕月飞行时的实时在轨位置,论述了多站激光定轨和单站激光定轨的解算数模。  相似文献   

Low Energy Transfer to the Moon   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

W. S. Koon  M. W. Lo  J. E. Marsden  S. D. Ross 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,81(1-2):63-73

In 1991, the Japanese Hiten mission used a low energy transfer with a ballistic capture at the Moon which required less Vthan a standard Hohmann transfer. In this paper, we apply the dynamical systems techniques developed in our earlier work to reproduce systematically a Hiten-like mission. We approximate the Sun–Earth–Moon-spacecraft 4-body system as two 3-body systems. Using the invariant manifold structures of the Lagrange points of the 3-body systems, we are able to construct low energy transfer trajectories from the Earth which execute ballistic capture at the Moon. The techniques used in the design and construction of this trajectory may be applied in many situations.  相似文献   

Review on physical models of lunar brightness temperature     

Jianqing Feng  Yongliao Zou  Wei Bian  Yongchun Zheng  Chunlai Li 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):204-211

Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research.  相似文献   

用LLR资料解算日月轨道根数     

白金明  金文敬 《天文学报》1994,35(4):424-433

本文推导了激光测月资料归算中测距对地月系轨道根数的偏导数，并对所得偏导数进行了精度估计，利用这些偏导数和１９８８年至１９９２年全球激光测月资料解算了日月轨道根数，得到了比较理想的结果。  相似文献   

基于Clementine热红外数据的Apollo17登月点区域氧化钙含量反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘道飞  陈圣波  路鹏 《地球学报》2015,36(2):245-249

为了研究利用Clementine热红外数据反演月球表面岩石的氧化钙(Ca O)含量,论文选取了两景覆盖Apollo17登月点的Clementine热红外影像,将其覆盖的区域选为研究区。利用月球表面温度物理模型模拟月表温度,结合普朗克函数,完成发射率反演。在此基础上,对LPI中35个除Apollo17登月计划外所采集的样品Ca O含量与其热红外发射率特征做回归统计分析,发现存在很好的线性关系(R2=0.661)。由此,基于Clementine热红外发射率实现了研究区Ca O含量反演。通过利用LPI Apollo17月岩(壤)样品实际Ca O含量分析数据对反演结果进行精度评价,发现8组反演值与实际值的相对误差最小为1.77%,最大为9.29%,均方根误差为0.767。研究结果表明,使用发射率进行Ca O含量反演方法可行,为利用Clementine热红外数据对月表矿物成分含量定量反演提供一种新的思路。  相似文献   

Gravity and Topography of Moon and Planets     

R. Rummel 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2004,94(1-2):103-111

Planetology serves the understanding on the one hand of the solar system and on the other hand, for investigating similarities and differences, of our own planet. While observational evidence about the outer planets is very limited, substantial datasets exist for the terrestrial planets. Radar and optical images and detailed models of gravity and topography give an impressive insight into the history, composition and dynamics of moon and planets. However, there exists still significant lack of data. It is therefore recommended to equip all future satellite missions to the moon and to planets with full tensor gravity gradiometers and radar altimeters.  相似文献   

Prognosis of TiO₂ abundance in lunar soil using a non-linear analysis of Clementine and LSCC data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Viktor V. Korokhin  Vadym G. Kaydash  Dmitry G. Stankevich 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(8):1063-1078

We suggest a technique to determine the chemical and mineral composition of the lunar surface using artificial neural networks (ANNs). We demonstrate this powerful non-linear approach for prognosis of TiO₂ abundance using Clementine UV-VIS mosaics and Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium data. The ANN technique allows one to study correlations between spectral characteristics of lunar soils and composition parameters without any restrictions on the character of these correlations. The advantage of this method in comparison with the traditional linear regression method and the Lucey et al. approaches is shown. The results obtained could be useful for the strategy of analyzing lunar data that will be acquired in incoming lunar missions especially in case of the Chandrayaan-1 and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter missions.  相似文献   

基于MEMS传感器的月震计安装水平和定向方案的研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡星星  滕云田  周鹤鸣  朱荣  刘高川 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(5):1487-1493

中国月震计宜于采用MEMS加速度计作为拾震传感器,以满足对重量、体积、功耗和可靠性等方面的要求.在无人登月探测中,为免使月震计的投放装置过于复杂,也为减小月震计系统的重量、体积和功耗,以及增加系统工作的稳定性和可靠性,不给月震计增加机械的水平和定向调节装置,本文根据机器人理论,通过旋转变换,论证了可以从倾斜、非定向安装的月震计观测到的月震波得到以月球北极为参考方向的水平坐标系的观测,并从实验上作了部分验证,从而为这一难题的解决找到一条可行的探索途径.  相似文献