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基于模糊综合评判的海洋溢油污染评估模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析总结相关研究成果的基础上,利用模糊综合评估方法,对溢油污染程度相关影响因素进行深入分析研究,对溢油污染程度评估指标体系进行改进和完善,提出溢油量和离岸距离两个影响因子新的隶属度函数,构建新的海域敏感区隶属度子集表并计算各指标的权重。最后,应用此模型对2002年渤海绥中36-1油田中心平台溢油事故进行评估,结果显示污染程度评估等级有明显提高,以期为海洋溢油污染评估提供科学依据,并通过提高污染评估等级引起人们对海洋环境的重视。 相似文献
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本文报道了中国第16次南极考察期间，作者对考察船向长城站输油期问发生的溢漏油事故全程跟踪结果，分析了主要风险源及发生溢油风险事故的原因和采取预防措施的重要性，指出南极长城站存在着榆油过程抗溢油能力低下、防溢漏油环保基础设施薄弱、风险管理措施亟待加强等主要环保问题，提出了加强长城站环保基础设施建设与风险防范管理的对策，以便对船舶或站上设施溢油风险做出更有效地反应． 相似文献
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Environmental pollution affects parasite populations and communities, both directly and through effects on intermediate and final hosts. In this work, we present a comparative study on the structure and composition of metazoan parasite communities in the bogue, Boops boops, from two localities (Galician coast, Spain) affected by the Prestige oil-spill (POS). We focus on the distribution of both individual parasite species and larger functional groupings by using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results indicate directional trends in community composition that might be related to the Prestige oil-spill disturbance of the natural coastal communities off Galicia. Endoparasite communities in B. boops reflected a notable change in the composition and abundance of the benthic fauna in the localities studied post-spill probably due to organic enrichment after the POS. 相似文献
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Lado-Insua Tania Pérez MontseDiz Angel P. Presa Pablo 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(5):466-475
The sinking of the tanker Prestige in November 2002 off the coast of Galicia resulted in the release of about 60,000 tons of heavy oil. The oil-spill provoked a serious environmental impact in Spanish and French coasts, which biological consequences are still being assessed. In this study we address the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity in some mussel populations impacted by the oil-spill. Changes in genetic diversity can be measured in natural populations provided that serial samples are available from before (year 2000) and after (years 2003, 2005) the oil-spill. Analyses of seven microsatellites indicate a weak but significant increase of genetic variation after the spill. This phenomenon is interpreted herein in terms of a balance between a enhanced genome mutability on microsatellite variation and a low genetic drift due to toxicants and asphyxia although other stochastic phenomena cannot be ruled out. Per locus annotation showed that in spite of the allelic changes observed in the period 2000-2005, the final size of most allelic series remained quite alike to those of year 2000. Present genetic data suggest that the genotoxic impact of the Prestige spill did not compromise the genetic diversity of studied mussel populations, at least regarding the genetic markers analysed. 相似文献
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NOAA的GNOME溢油模型在湄洲湾的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在湄洲湾试用GNOME溢油模型模拟溢油扩散．先用EFDC建立潮流场,并选用主导风形成常风场,一并输入GNOME建立起溢油模型,模拟涨、落潮过程叠加不同风况下敏感海域的溢油扩散．模拟结果：初始溢油量为100t,扩散到第6小时,8种不同条件下挥发油量都为7．7t,附岸和漂浮油量和为92．3t,其中漂浮油量为6．4～92．0t,相应附岸油量为85．9～0．3t;溢油扩散最大范围为1．3～30．0km。,90％置信区间为2．0～56．0km。,最大距离为1．2～14．6km;与前人模拟溢油扩散结果相比基本一致．经分析,溢油扩散主要受3个方面影响：（1）岸线走向：当岸线靠近油膜漂移的路线时,大量油膜附着在岸上,扩散范围较小;（2）风况与流场关系：如果两者方向一致,油膜会扩散较远;（3）风区长度：风区越长,油膜扩散范围越大．总之,建立GNOME溢油模型较好地模拟了溢油扩散趋势,对溢油应急响应具有参考作用． 相似文献
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海洋溢油模型及其应用研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据滥油模型的数学计算理论不同,溢油模型主要有两个类型,欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型和蒙持卡罗方法模型。欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型主要包括:全动力轨迹模型和溢油归宿模型。溢油归宿模型又包括溢油扩展、扩散模型和风化模型。风化模型包括蒸发、溶解、乳化、光氧化、生物降解等过程。蒙持卡罗方法模型在欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型基础上增加了溢油扩散随机数的计算,应用随机数来计算油膜三维扩展尺度。该模型是对欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型的补充和完善。目前国内以及日本、美国、新加坡等国学者们分别在海湾,海峡等(?)了溢油组合模型。但由于他们的研究重点不同,模型没有得到全面的应用。溢油模型的前景相对可观,其与溢油应急反应专家系统的结合使得我们可以根据应急系统做出相应的应急计划,并通过模拟来对溢油损害索赔进行定量。 相似文献
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