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Fry of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), were air‐freighted from Hong Kong to New Zealand in October 1971. The fish were at first kept in tanks with a recirculating water supply, where they soon showed symptoms of parasitic infestation and suffered heavy mortality. Attempts were made to remove parasites with chemotherapeutic treatment. Tripartiella sp., Dactylogyrus ctenopharyngodonis, and Gyrodactylus clenopharyngodontis were eliminated by prolonged bathing of the infected fish with quinine. Chemical treatment failed to eliminate Ichthyophthirius mullifiliis from the body surface and the gills, but the rate of spontaneous recovery of the fish from this disease was accelerated by keeping them in clean, running water. Experiments to remove the cestode Bothriocephalus gowkongensis from the intestine of the fish with tetravalent tin compounds and to control the intermediate host (Cyclops) in the water resulted in the eradiction of the cestode. When parasitic infestations had been brought under control the fish were transferred to outdoor ponds, where they began to feed on aquatic and terrestrial vegetation and rapidly increased in size. 相似文献
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The standing crop and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats have seasonally been observed in the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays of the northern China coast during 1999 - 2000. The results show that the annual primary productions of benthic microalgae on tidal flats in the two bays are 2 532 and 7 542 tons carbon, which would be able to support 3.1 x 103 and 9.2 x 103 tons shellfish meat, respectively. The nature of sediment is essential for governing the biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats. The biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats with muddy sediments are higher than those with sandy sediments, which resulted from higher nutrient concentration and lower grazing pressure. That is the reason why in comparison with Xiangshan Bay the standing crop and production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats of the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays are low. Light was a key factor controlling vertical distribution of biomass and production of benthic 相似文献
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To determine some of the environmental effects that influence the relative proportions of pigments in algae, high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis was employed to determine the relative amounts of common photosynthetic pigments in batch cultures of the diatoms,Fragilaria crotonensis andThalassiosira pseudonana, and the green algae,Scenedesmus abundans, andHaematococcus pluvialis, illuminated for 12 hours each day. Similar analyses were conducted in five-day experiments during which cultures ofF. crotonensis andS. quadricauda were kept in continuous darkness. Comparing the results to those for controls continuing to receive the daily illumination indicated that the diatoms and green algae react similarly to light deficiency. The relative amounts of the main accessory pigment in the diatoms, fucoxanthin, and that in the green alga, apparently lutein, decreased as a reaction to a lack of illumination, while the total chlorophyll level in algae of both groups remained nearly constant. Quantitative differences induced by the experimental conditions were considerably less that those observed among different species of diatom or among the different green algae, however. Finally, cultures ofS. quadricauda were analyzed and then kept for 43 days without the addition of any nutrients. A proportion of the culture was kept for this period in perpetual darkness while another continued to receive 12 hours of illumination. The results show that considerable changes occur as the cultures age, and that these changes occur more slowly in the darkness. Some consequences of these findings for phytoplankton production studies based on analyses of photosynthetic pigments are discussed. 相似文献
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研究了 2 0 0 0年 1 0月和 2 0 0 1年 5月东、黄海航次所采集的沉积物中叶绿素 a及其降解产物脱镁叶绿酸的含量与分布 ,比较了沉积物样品在不同氧化还原条件下培养后的叶绿素 a含量的变化。结果表明 ,整个东、黄海表层沉积物中叶绿素 a的含量是以长江口附近的 E4站含量最高 ,1 0月份为 2 .4 8μg/ g,5月份为 3.0 1μg/ g;对各站位 ,随深度增加叶绿素 a和脱镁叶绿酸的含量呈递减趋势 ,到一定深度含量不再变化 ;个别站位叶绿素 a和脱镁叶绿酸的含量在随深度增加而降低的过程中产生了小的突跃 ,可能是由于生物扰动和环境变化引起的 ;脱镁叶绿酸作为叶绿素 a的主要降解产物随深度增加成为叶绿素存在的主要形式 ;充空气和氮气培养均能增加表层沉积物中叶绿素 a的含量 ;比较了 2 0 0 0年 1 0月份沉积物中叶绿素 a与上层水柱中叶绿素 a的相对含量 ,就 5个站位的平均值而言 ,沉积物中的叶绿素占上层水柱中叶绿素的 36 .9% ,而长江口附近的 E4站沉积物中叶绿素的相对含量为 1 1 1 .1 % ,说明这部分含量是不容忽略的 相似文献
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