Study of the flood control scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir in a catastrophic flood          下载免费PDF全文

Shanghong Zhang  Zhu Jing  Wenda Li  Yujun Yi  Yong Zhao 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1625-1634

The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest water conservancy project. According to the design standards for the 1,000‐year flood, flood diversion areas in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River must be utilized to ensure the safety of the Jingjiang area and the city of Wuhan. However, once these areas are used, the economic and life loss in these areas may be very great. Therefore, it is vital to reduce this loss by developing a scheme that reduces the use of the flood diversion areas through flood regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), under the premise of ensuring the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. For a 1,000‐year flood on the basis of a highly destructive flood in 1954, this paper evaluates scheduling schemes in which flood diversion areas are or are not used. The schemes are simulated based on 2.5‐m resolution reservoir topography and an optimized model of dynamic capacity flood regulation. The simulation results show the following. (a) In accord with the normal flood‐control regulation discharge, the maximum water level above the dam should be not more than 175 m, which ensures the safety of the dam and reservoir area. However, it is necessary to utilize the flood diversion areas within the Jingjiang area, and flood discharge can reach 2.81 billion m³. (b) In the case of relying on the TGR to impound floodwaters independently rather than using the flood diversion areas, the maximum water level above the dam reaches 177.35 m, which is less than the flood check level of 180.4 m to ensure the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. The average increase of the TGR water level in the Chongqing area is not more than 0.11 m, which indicates no significant effect on the upstream reservoir area. Comparing the various scheduling schemes, when the flood diversion areas are not used, it is believed that the TGR can execute safe flood control for a 1,000‐year flood, thereby greatly reducing flood damage.  相似文献   

水中荧光计及其在海洋现场探测中的应用     

夏达英  王振先  夏荣环  辛海英 《海洋科学进展》1997,(2)

本文描述了近几年来我们首次研制成功的３种类型的水中荧光计系统及其应用测量结果：１．用于水体混合扩散实验研究的水中荧光计，对罗丹明Ｂ浓度测量范围为１×１０－６～１×１０－１０ｇ／ｃｍ３；２．拖曳荧光计系统，能在２～８０ｍ水深内进行水平拖曳平稳地工作，拖曳速度为０～８ｋｎ，除检测罗丹明Ｂ外，还可检测无机悬浮物质的含量，检测范围为２～２０００ｍｇ／ｄｍ３；３．用于测量海中浮游植物体内叶绿素ａ浓度的水中荧光计，测量范围为１×１０－６～１×１０－９ｇ／ｃｍ３。用荧光法测量海中物质是近代新发展的一种简便、快速、灵敏度高、用途极其广泛的测量技术，有着重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

水库群供调水系统实时调度研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙万光  李成振  姜彪  刘盈斐 《水科学进展》2016,27(1):128-138

以大连市复杂水库群供、调水系统为背景,在对系统特性分析的基础上,提出了系统实时调度框架及二层耦合结构模式,设计了以"总量控制、耦合嵌套、多维决策、滚动修正"为核心的实时调度流程。在径流预报方面,提出了基于超越概率的水库群供、调水系统长期入库径流预报方法,结合中期GFS(Global Forecasting System)数值预报技术对不同时段入库径流进行滚动预报。在调度模型方面,采用基于动态规划的建模求解新方法和常规调度方法,为调度决策提供参考。实例研究表明,建立的实时调度系统实现了滚动预报和滚动调度,具备了实时性;实现了宏观总控与局部调整相结合的调度目标,具备了调度决策不同时间尺度耦合嵌套特性,证明了系统的适用性。研究成果对于同类系统实时调度具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Interaction between scale and scheduling choices in simulations of spatial agents     

Tyler R. Bonnell  Colin A. Chapman  Raja Sengupta 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(10):2075-2088

Spatial simulations are a valuable tool in understanding dynamic spatial processes. In developing these simulations, it is often required to make decisions about how to represent features in the environment and how events unfold in time. These spatial and temporal choices have been shown to significantly alter model outcomes, yet their interaction is less well understood. In this paper, we make use of a simple group foraging model and systematically vary how features are represented (cell size of the landscape) as well as how events unfold in time (order in which foragers take action) to better understand their interaction. Our results show similar nonlinear responses to changes in spatial representation found in the literature, and an effect of the order in which agents were processed. There was also a clear interaction between how features are represented and how events unfold in time, where, under certain environmental representations results were found to be more sensitive to the order in which individuals were processed. Furthermore, the effects of feature representation, scheduling of agents, and their interaction were all found to be influenced by the heterogeneity of the spatial surface (food), suggesting that the statistical properties of the underlying spatial variable will additionally play a role. We suggest that navigating these interactions can be facilitated through a better understanding of how these choices affect the decision landscape(s) on which agents operate. Specifically, how changes to representation affect aggregation and resolution of the decision surface, and thereby the degree to which agents interact directly or indirectly. We suggest that the challenges of dealing with spatial representation, scheduling, and their interaction, while building models could also present an opportunity. As explicitly including alternate representations and scheduling choices during model selection can aid in identifying optimal agent–environment representations. Potentially leading to improved insights into the relationships between spatial processes and the environments in which they occur.  相似文献   

A mathematical programming approach for scheduling equipment in a surface coal mining operation     

Gerrit V. R. Goodman  Subhash C. Sarin 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1988,6(4):327-341

Summary A mathematical programming model for scheduling open pit mining was developed and validated using data from a surface mining operation. A two-phase solution procedure was used involving repeated evaluations of an integer scheduling model and a simple transportation model.  相似文献   

水库群系统优化调度新进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

赵鸣雁  程春田李刚 《水文》2005,25(6):18-23,61

从确定库群目标函数和相应的约束条件，以及选取求解模型的最优化方法方面系统地阐述了近年来国内外水库群优化调度研究的进展。指出多种优化理论的耦合，基于巨型计算机、并行分布式计算技术以及网格技术的优化方法，基于规则的优化调度方法研究以及空间数据的决策支持系统研究，这是今后水库群优化调度研究的发展方向。  相似文献   

Deriving rules from activity diary data: A learning algorithm and results of computer experiments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Theo A. Arentze  Frank Hofman  Harry J.P. Timmermans 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2001,3(4):325-346

 Activity-based models consider travel as a derived demand from the activities households need to conduct in space and time. Over the last 15 years, computational or rule-based models of activity scheduling have gained increasing interest in time-geography and transportation research. This paper argues that a lack of techniques for deriving rules from empirical data hinders the further development of rule-based systems in this area. To overcome this problem, this paper develops and tests an algorithm for inductively deriving rules from activity-diary data. The decision table formalism is used to exhaustively represent the theoretically possible decision rules that individuals may use in sequencing a given set of activities. Actual activity patterns of individuals are supplied to the system as examples. In an incremental learning process, the system progressively improves on the selection of rules used for reproducing the examples. Computer experiments based on simulated data are performed to fine-tune rule selection and rule value update functions. The results suggest that the system is effective and fairly robust for parameter settings. It is concluded, therefore, that the proposed approach opens up possibilities to derive empirically tested rule-based models of activity scheduling. Follow-up research will be concerned with testing the system on empirical data. Received: 31 January 2001 / Accepted: 13 September 2001  相似文献   

Flexible Automatic Scheduling for Autonomous Telescopes: The MAJORDOME     

Mathieu Bringer  Michel Boër  Cedric Peignot  Gérard Fontan  Colette Mercé 《Experimental Astronomy》2001,12(1):33-48

We have developped a new method for the scheduling ofastronomical automatic telescopes, in the framework of theautonomous TAROT instrument. The MAJORDOME software canhandle a variety of observations, constrained, periodic,etc., and produces a timeline for the night, which may bemodified at any time to take into account the specificconditions of the night. The MAJORDOME can also handletarget of opportunity observations without delay.  相似文献   

人工免疫系统在梯级水库群短期优化调度中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

左幸  马光文  徐刚  陶春华 《水科学进展》2007,18(2):277-281

免疫起源于抗感染的研究,是一种机体识别和排斥抗原性异物的生理功能。现代仿生技术将免疫应用到解决非线性优化问题中,形成了独特的人工免疫系统(AIS),AIS用抗体代表问题的可行解,用抗原代表问题的约束条件和目标函数,采用期望繁殖率来定义父体选择的概率进行随机搜索全局最优解。将AIS应用到梯级水库群短期(日)优化调度的研究中,经过对某梯级水库群的仿真计算,认为其结果是合理和可实际应用的。  相似文献   

城市空间三维地图及其在智慧城市中的应用     

蒯希  贺彪  罗恒  赵志刚 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(1):66-70

对城市空间三维地图相关的关键技术进行了系统梳理,结合深圳市拟建设的"数字政府"基础时空平台——"深圳市可视化城市空间数字平台"开展实例研究。结果表明,从二维地图可视化提升到城市空间的三维地图可视化,需要从现有的空间数据模型、数据组织与调度逻辑、地图可视化表达方法等方面开展研究,形成城市级的三维数据可视化表达核心框架,满足各类城市应用可视化渲染与仿真需求。  相似文献