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A new mass rig system is proposed to minimize the deficiencies in current shaking table testing setups. This is accomplished by placing the inertial mass on a convex path designed to impose P‐Delta demands on slender cantilever columns. The design and performance of the mass rig system, and the principles used in deriving the equations of motion and their analytical validation against results obtained from shaking table tests, are presented. Formulation of the governing equations of motion was based on Lagrangian mechanics and solved using an implicit linear acceleration method with an adaptive time step formulation. Friction developed in the sliding system was also incorporated in the equations of motion. Experimental results validated the accuracy in the derivation and solution of the equations of motion. Validated by analytical and experimental results, P‐Delta effects were found to increase the displacement demands on slender columns in the low‐frequency range of acceleration input, while in the high‐frequency range P‐Delta effects led to no increase and in some cases even a reduction in displacement demands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于细长体水动力模型比较了Truss Spar平台在波流联合作用下运动响应预报的三种方法。分别采用波流耦合、速度叠加及力叠加计算Truss Spar平台在波流联合作用下的水动力载荷,根据流场水质点运动规律和Truss Spar外部形状特点,分段高效计算水动力载荷。利用Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg方法求解刚体非线性运动方程得Truss Spar在波流场中的运动响应。研究结果表明力叠加法所预报的Truss Spar纵荡和纵摇运动明显大于其他两种方法的相应运动响应预报结果,而波流耦合法与速度叠加法所预报的纵荡与纵摇运动响应幅值相当,三种方法所预报的垂荡运动响应的大小取决于具体波流参数。 相似文献
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An approach by which the scour depth and scour width below a fixed pipeline and scour depth around a circular vertical pile in random waves can be derived is presented. Here, the scour depth formulas by Sumer and Fredsøe [ASCE J. Waterw., Port, Coastal Ocean Eng. 116 (1990) 307] for pipelines and Sumer et al. [ASCE J. Waterw., Port, Coastal Ocean Eng. 114 (1992) 599] for vertical piles as well as the scour width formula by Sumer and Fredsøe [The Mechanics of Scour in the Marine Environment, World Scientific, Singapore, 2002] for pipelines combined with describing the waves as a stationary Gaussian narrow-band random process are used to derive the cumulative distribution functions of the scour depths and width. Comparisons are made between the present approach and random wave scour data. Tentative approaches to related random wave scour cases are also suggested. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):633-636
The effect of temporal variation in growth rate on per-recruit model outputs was investigated by comparing biological reference points obtained using growth curves derived for Umbrina robinsoni populations from False Bay, on the south coast of South Africa, sampled 10 years apart (1991–1993 and 2001–2003), and applying the two different age–length keys to length frequency data collected over the period 1991–1993 (n = 1 389) for the estimation of total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F) and spawner biomass per recruit (SB/R). The SB/R and yield per-recruit (Y/R) curves constructed using biological data collected during the two different time periods were very similar, with target and threshold reference points differing only moderately (11%). This suggests that for long-lived species, the frequency of age and growth studies can be at least the lifespan of a cohort if they are to be assessed with a per-recruit approach. The use of the more recent length-at-age data, however, resulted in lower estimates of F (0.61 y?1 vs 1.05 y?1) and a slightly higher spawner biomass per-recruit ratio (19.5% vs 14.5%) for the earlier period. The reduced estimate of F when using the more recent dataset was likely due to a bias towards older fish caused by small sample size, the philopatric nature of U. robinsoni, and possible recruitment collapse. This highlights the importance of having a large, representative sample of length-at-age data for construction of age–length keys. 相似文献
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利用modeling of models的方法研究端承型桩承载力离心模型试验中的粒径效应。在模拟同一原型时,不同桩径的模型桩,桩身压缩性及桩长均不同,导致侧摩阻力发挥机理及程度不同,本文分别探讨了桩端阻力,侧摩阻力及承载力(桩顶荷载)的粒径效应对承载机理和承载特性的影响。结果表明,桩端阻力的粒径效应作用规律与浅基础一致,可以借用浅基础的粒径效应定量评价方法评价端承桩承载力离心模型试验中的粒径效应。侧摩阻力的粒径效应比桩端阻力的粒径效应显著。由于侧摩阻力的影响,相同条件下承载力的粒径效应比桩端阻力有所增强。对于极限桩端阻力和极限承载力,粒径效应均随长径比的增加而减弱。 相似文献
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Slender piles embedded in soft ground or liquefied soil may buckle under vertical load. In this paper, both small- and large-scale model tests are conducted to investigate the buckling mechanisms of a slender pile and the lateral earth pressure acting on the pile. To observe the buckling of a slender pile, the strain-controlled loading method is adopted to apply a vertical load. When the two ends of a slender pile are hinged, the buckling mechanisms of small- and large-scale model tests are same. It should be noted that this applies only to a system with a small ratio of pile bending stiffness to soil bending stiffness. An applied vertical load increases with an increasing pile head settlement until it reaches the critical buckling load. By further increasing the pile head settlement, the measured load approaches the critical buckling load. In the large-scale model test, the measured lateral earth pressure (i.e., active and passive) acting on the slender pile varies linearly with the lateral pile displacement when the measured range is 3–5?m beneath the ground. A critical buckling calculation method has been adopted to compare with the conventional “m” method. The two-sided earth pressure calculation method can achieve more approximate results with the model test. 相似文献
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针对凝析油气田开发了一型适应我国南海环境条件的深水多功能干树半潜平台,平台运动性能优良,可实现干树开采、回接水下井口、油气生产处理、凝析油存储、钻修井等功能。平台由上部组块、主船体、细长柔性连接结构、垂荡板、顶张紧式立管(TTR立管)系统、系泊系统构成,结构特点为采用细长柔性连接结构连接主船体与箱型垂荡板。垂荡板采用箱型结构,承受作业吃水压力,可实现平台与箱型垂荡板的整体拖航,平台安装简易,细长柔性连接结构可在位维修或更换。平台立柱内设置储油舱存储天然气凝析油,解决凝析油存储外输问题。平台采用成熟系统系统集成,运动性能优良,海上施工风险可控,未来有望成为一种新的深水油气田开发平台型式。 相似文献
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基于柔性杆理论和尾流振子模型计算陡波形立管的涡激振动响应;综合使用S-N曲线法、雨流计数法、Palmgren-Miner线性累积疲劳理论对立管涡激振动导致的疲劳损伤进行计算分析。并以MATLAB为平台编写相应计算程序,将本文计算得到的静力分析结果、固有频率和疲劳损伤分别与专业海工计算软件OrcaFlex和已发表文献进行对比验证。进一步对陡波形立管在涡激振动下的疲劳损伤进行参数敏感性分析,结果表明:浮子段长度、浮力因子、弹性模量、海流速度、波浪高度对陡波形立管疲劳损伤均有较大影响,有望为陡波形立管的实际工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
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细茎苏铁植物—新属Cathaysiocycas及其演化意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新属Cathaysicycas产自河南禹县早二叠世早期神垕组(“山西组”)的中部。该属具Taeniopteris型叶,松散螺旋状着生于较光滑的细轴上。大孢子叶的中上部全部深裂成线形裂片,种子着生于线形细裂片之顶端。Cathaysiocycas线形裂片顶端着生种子的形式可视为自Spermopterist种子着生于叶边缘的类型进一步演化的阶段,并由此而进化为中生代Beania状的复合种子的形式。 相似文献