The NAIAD experiment for WIMP searches at Boulby mine and recent results     

B. Ahmed  G. J. Alner  H. Araujo  J. C. Barton  A. Bewick  M. J. Carson  D. Davidge  J. V. Dawson  T. Gamble  S. P. Hart  R. Hollingworth  A. S. Howard  W. G. Jones  M. K. Joshi  V. A. Kudryavtsev  T. B. Lawson  V. Lebedenko  M. J. Lehner  J. D. Lewin  P. K. Lightfoot  I. Liubarsky  R. Lüscher  J. E. McMillan  B. Morgan  G. Nicklin  S. M. Paling  R. M. Preece  J. J. Quenby  J. W. Roberts  M. Robinson  N. J. T. Smith  P. F. Smith  N. J. C. Spooner  T. J. Sumner  D. R. Tovey 《Astroparticle Physics》2003,19(6):691-702

The NAIAD experiment (NaI Advanced Detector) for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter searches at Boulby mine (UK) is described. The detector consists of an array of encapsulated and unencapsulated NaI(Tl) crystals with high light yield. Six crystals are collecting data at present. Data accumulated by four of them (10.6 kg × year exposure) have been used to set upper limits on the WIMP–nucleon spin-independent and WIMP–proton spin-dependent cross-sections. Pulse shape analysis has been applied to discriminate between nuclear recoils, as may be caused by WIMP interactions, and electron recoils due to gamma background. Various calibrations of crystals are presented.  相似文献   

The pillars of cosmology: a short history and assessment     

Jeff Kanipe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,227(1-2):109-118

Is the big bang model of the universe ascendant and unshakable, or declining and outdated? This paper cursorily explores the state of cosmology today.  相似文献   

Neutron background in large-scale xenon detectors for dark matter searches     

M. J. Carson  J. C. Davies  E. Daw  R. J. Hollingworth  V. A. Kudryavtsev  T. B. Lawson  P. K. Lightfoot  J. E. McMillan  B. Morgan  S. M. Paling  M. Robinson  N. J. C. Spooner  D. R. Tovey 《Astroparticle Physics》2004,21(6):667-687

Simulations of the neutron background for future large-scale particle dark matter detectors are presented. Neutrons were generated in rock and detector elements via spontaneous fission and (α,n) reactions, and by cosmic-ray muons. The simulation techniques and results are discussed in the context of the expected sensitivity of a generic liquid xenon dark matter detector. Methods of neutron background suppression are investigated. A sensitivity of 10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁰ pb to WIMP-nucleon interactions can be achieved by a tonne-scale detector.  相似文献   

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin     

Chandralata Raghukumar  G. Sheelu  P. A. Loka Bharathi  Shanta Nair  C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

基于模糊物元的城市化生态预警模型及应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

符娟林  乔标 《地球科学进展》2008,23(9):990-995

根据模糊物元理论建立了城市化的生态预警模型,将警报级别分为无警、轻警、中警、重警和巨警5级,并从资源预警、生态预警和环境预警3个方面构建河西走廊城市化进程中的生态环境预警指标体系,设立了预警参照标准与预警界限、警灯、警度,对河西走廊进行了实证分析。结果发现,河西走廊及五大地市按照预警指数从大到小的顺序依次为：张掖市、武威市、金昌市、河西走廊、嘉峪关市和酒泉市。其中,河西走廊的生态用水比重、植被覆盖率、人均环境保护费用和万元产值工业SO2排放量的景气指数最高,处于重警状态;城市工业用地定额、城市居住用地定额、万元产值工业废水排放量和万元产值工业粉尘排放量的景气指数最低,均处于轻警状态;其它指标均处于中警状态。可见,相对于土地资源和环境污染因素而言,水资源和生态条件已经对河西走廊的城市化产生了较强的束缚作用。  相似文献   

Treatment of Malting Wastewater in a Granular Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)     

Norbert Schwarzenbeck  Ron Erley  Belinda S. Mc Swain  Peter A. Wilderer  Robert L. Irvine 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(1):16-24

Aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating wastewater from the malting process with a high content of particulate organic matter. At an organic loading rate of 3.2 kg/(m³ d) COD_total and an influent particle concentration of 0.95 g/L MLSS an average removal of 50% in COD_total and 80% in COD_dissolved could be achieved. A comparison of granular and flocculent sludge grown under the same operating conditions showed no significant difference in removal efficiency although granules exhibited a higher metabolic activity in terms of specific oxygen uptake rate (r_{O2, X}). Two distinct mechanisms of particle removal were observed for granular sludge: during initial granule formation, particles were incorporated into the biofilm matrix. For mature granules, a high level of protozoa growth on the granule surface accounted for the ability to remove particulate COD. Combined evaluation of the development in MLSS content and sludge bed settling rate (i.e., mean derivative of the normalized sludge volume) was found to be an adequate method for monitoring the characteristic settling properties of a granulizing sludge bed. By means of this method, a distinct substrate gradient out of several operating conditions was concluded to have the biggest impact on the formation of aerobic granular sludge.  相似文献   

雹云识别的物元可拓模型及其效果检验   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6  

李祚泳  蔺雷  邓新民 《高原气象》2001,20(2):197-201

雹云识别是一个多参数的模式识别问题。应用物元可拓思想将单参数雹云识别的不相容性转化为相容性问题。通过构造雹云和雷雨云两类样本的经典物无降节域物元，根据计算出的待识别云体与两类样本云体之间的关联度大小，进行雹云识别。该方法用于成都地区雹云识别结果的正确率达85％以上。  相似文献   

极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川流速的遥感监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙家抦  霍东民  孙朝辉 《极地研究》2001,13(2):117-128

测定南极冰川的流速 ,对于研究南极冰雪物质平衡、南极环境变化及其对全球环境的影响有重大意义。本文论述了利用多时相卫星遥感影像监测冰川变化的原理和方法 ,通过对英格里特 .克里斯泰森海岸不同时期的遥感影像进行几何纠正和配准及叠加处理 ,测量和计算出极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川的平均流速 ,并对它们的变化特点进行了初步的分析和评价。  相似文献   

多暗像元大气校正方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐志新  邓孺孺 《国土资源遥感》2007,18(2):16-19

 针对Landsat TM影像，设计了一种适用于非均质大气的大气校正方法。该方法以暗目标减法（DOS）为基础，结合大气辐射传输模型，通过选取TM影像上多个暗像元，并计算其所对应的大气校正系数对整幅图像进行大气校正。该方法不依赖任何外部信息，并且考虑了大气的非均质性，校正精度较高。  相似文献   

The Dark Matter Problem     

Albert Bosma 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1998,72(1-2):69-90

In these notes I will briefly summarize our knowledge about the dark matter problem, and emphasize the corresponding dynamical aspects. This covers a wide area of research, so I have been selective, and have concentrated on the subject of dark matter in nearby galaxies, in particular spirals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献