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Qiaoyu Cui Laurent Marquer Marta Arzarello Vincent Lebreton 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):171-174
This paper presents an image analysis method for automated quantification of charcoal total area, focusing on the charcoal
fractions less than 160 μm observed on 14 pollen slides from Grotta Reali samples. Four fire signals were recorded with 4
high values in the microcharcoal concentration curve. On the basis of modern microcharcoal study, mean length/width ratio
of the microcharcoal particles was applied in an archeological context as an indicator of vegetal type (wood, grass or leaves).
Therefore, the 4 fire signals were separated into two types: high concentration with high length/width ratio, and high concentration
with low length/width ratio. Two fire signals might be interpreted as anthropic fire based on hearth or combustion areas,
as inferred from archeological remains. 相似文献
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沉积物中的炭屑在探讨火(灾)的基本特征及其与植被和人类活动关系方面具有重要意义。采用孢粉学提取方法,对柴达木盆地北缘的湖泊表层沉积物进行了微体炭屑的分析工作,用以探讨其空间分布及其与区域植被和现代人类活动之间的关系。结果表明：不同粒径的炭屑浓度均呈现出自西向东升高的趋势,与区域植被覆盖度自西向东增加的趋势一致。其中,小粒径的炭屑以近圆形占多数,表明区域性火事件中燃烧的木本植被占主导地位;粒径较大的长条形炭屑在盆地东部区域占优势,表明地方性火事件向东增加,草本植物燃烧逐渐增多,与自西向东草本植物的增多相吻合,且燃烧由区域向近源转换。此外,该地区人口数量也有自西向东增加的趋势,推测人类生产生活用火对炭屑浓度有很大的贡献量,与大颗粒炭屑浓度向东升高有较好的对应关系。表层沉积物炭屑的空间变化特征不仅很好地反映了相应地区的火的信息,还对区域植被和人类活动等要素具有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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The effects of climate change during the Terminal Pleistocene–Early Holocene transition on ecosystems and early Prearchaic hunter-gatherers in the central Great Basin of North America are not well understood. We present a palynological reconstruction of regional vegetation and fire history in Grass Valley, central Nevada, from ~14 to ~7.5k cal a BP showing that Pinus-dominated woodlands were replaced by dry-adapted steppe and desert vegetation accompanied by an increase in regional fire activity at the beginning of the Holocene, in response to summer warming and a drying climate. Following a severe drought period peaking ~10.2–9.3k cal a BP, Pinus woodlands partially recovered contemporaneously with the 8.2k cal a BP climate anomaly. Local wetlands provided important resource patches for human foraging societies, and periodic declines of wetlands in response to changing local hydrological conditions may have necessitated adjustments in subsistence and settlement practices and technology. 相似文献
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The microcharcoal content (particles < 180 µm) of overlapping sedimentary sequences from two crater lake basins in central Turkey are used to reconstruct the regional fire history of the East Mediterranean oak–grass parkland zone from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present-day. These results are correlated with stable isotope and pollen data from the same cores in order to assess the changing role of climate, vegetation and human activity in landscape burning. This indicates that climatically-induced variation in biomass availability was the main factor controlling the timing of regional fire activity during the Last Glacial–Interglacial climatic transition, and again during Mid-Holocene times, with fire frequency and magnitude increasing during wetter climatic phases. Spectral analysis of the Holocene part of the record from Eski Acıgöl indicates significant cyclicity with a periodicity of ~ 1500 years that may be linked with large-scale climate forcing. Although proto-agricultural societies were established in this region as early as 10,000 years ago, it is only during the last two to three millennia that the pacing of wildfire cycles appears to have become decoupled from climate and linked instead to human-induced changes in land cover and fuel load availability. 相似文献
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作为火的代用指标—炭屑在过去生态环境变化及人类活动研究中具有重要意义,基于孢粉学方法开展的微体炭屑—火的研究得到了研究者的广泛关注,但关于炭屑统计的标准目前尚未统一。通过选取黄土高原灵台剖面顶部13 m共16个样品,采用孢粉流程法提取炭屑（外加石松孢子以计算炭屑浓度）,对样品进行随机分组统计。具体方法如下：统计时以50粒外加石松孢子为单组,每个样品累计统计20组,且每组中按形态（长宽比）分为长条形炭屑与近圆形炭屑,按大小划分为10~30 μm,30~50 μm,50~100 μm和>100 μm共4种粒级。结果表明20个单组中炭屑含量相近但有一定波动性（标准偏差0.06%~8.70%）;当石松孢子累计统计500粒（10组）以上时,炭屑浓度、各粒径炭屑所占百分比均趋于稳定（相关系数r=0.99）;当石松孢子累计统计300粒（6组）以上时,炭屑的长/圆比值趋于稳定（标准偏差0.01~0.24,r=0.87）。基于以上结果,建议在黄土高原微体炭屑研究中统计500±50粒的石松孢子,以确保数据稳定。以此为基础,初步发现灵台地区自165 ka以来,火事件较为频繁,草本较木本植被更占优势,此结果与该地区黄土—古土壤中元素碳含量等数据有较好对应关系,表明该地区的古火发生与环境变化具有较强联系。 相似文献
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