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Catia Real Ehrlich 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(2):73-88
ABSTRACTThe localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented. 相似文献
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针对目前电场检测仪体积大,成本高,操作复杂等问题,研制了一套微型化大气电场检测仪系统。该系统以电容作为传感器感知单元,两相四线步进电机作为传感器感知单元转动的载体,使用含内置A/D转换的STC12LE2052AD单片机进行数据采集,简化了电路的设计。无线蓝牙模块与数据采集系统相结合实现了实时显示的功能,最后将接收到的数据通过上位机显示出来。硬件部分设计了信号的放大滤波电路、A/D转换电路及数据采集与处理电路。利用MATLAB仿真,C语言编程,调试结果表明各项功能符合设计要求,并获得了误差小于4%的高精度测量结果。 相似文献
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Intelligence about the spatio-temporal behaviour of individuals is valuable in many settings. Generating tracking data is a necessity for this analysis and requires an appropriate methodology. In this study, the applicability of Bluetooth tracking in an indoor setting is investigated. A wide variety of applications can benefit from indoor Bluetooth tracking. This paper examines the value of the method in a marketing application. A Belgian shopping mall served as a real-life test setting for the methodology. A total of 56 Bluetooth scanners registered 18.943 unique MAC addresses during a 19-day period. The results indicate that Bluetooth tracking is a sound approach for capturing tracking data, which can be used to map and analyse the spatio-temporal behaviour of individuals. The methodology also provides a more efficient and more accurate way of obtaining a variety of relevant metrics in the field of consumer behaviour research. Bluetooth tracking can be implemented as a new and cost effective practice for marketing research, that provides fast and accurate results and insights. We conclude that Bluetooth tracking is a viable approach, but that certain technological and practical aspects need to be considered when applying Bluetooth tracking in new cases. 相似文献
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Mathias Versichele Tijs Neutens Matthias Delafontaine Nico Van de Weghe 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):208-220
In this paper, proximity-based Bluetooth tracking is postulated as an efficient and effective methodology for analysing the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of visitor movements at mass events. A case study of the Ghent Festivities event (1.5 million visitors over 10 days) is described in detail and preliminary results are shown to give an indication of the added value of the methodology for stakeholders of the event. By covering 22 locations in the study area with Bluetooth scanners, we were able to extract 152,487 trajectories generated by 80,828 detected visitors. Apart from generating clear statistics such as visitor counts, the share of returning visitors, and visitor flow maps, the analyses also reveal the complex nature of this event by hinting at the existence of several mutually different visitor profiles. We conclude by arguing why Bluetooth tracking offers significant advantages for tracking mass event visitors with respect to other and more prominent technologies, and outline some of its remaining deficiencies. 相似文献
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蓝牙技术在变电站网络通信中的应用,分析了变电站中蓝牙网络的传输距离、抗干扰性与安全性,提出了在变电站中组建蓝牙无线网络的方案,并对影响蓝牙网络性能的关键因素进行了分析。 相似文献
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This paper presents a novel framework to analyze pedestrians' behavioral patterns throughout shopping environments in the historical center of Barcelona, Spain. We employ a Bluetooth detection technique to capture a large-scale dataset of pedestrians' behavior over a one-month period, including during a key sales period. We focused on comparing particular behaviors before, during, and after the discount sales by analyzing this large-scale dataset, which is different but complementary to the conventionally used small-scale samples. Our results uncover pedestrians actively exploring a wider area of the district during a discount period compared to weekdays, giving rise to strong underlying mobility patterns. 相似文献
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通过分析车载导航定位系统主流实现技术GPS＋DR组合定位技术所存在的问题，提出了路标传感器定位技术，它借助蓝牙短距离无线通讯技术实现车载系统及路标的通讯连接及数据传输；提出了系统整体实现方案，证明该定位系统具有实际的应用价值，可满足用户的需求，有一定的发展空间。 相似文献
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