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1.
《Marine Policy》2017
The European Commission has repeatedly requested its Member States to fully implement one of the world's oldest nature legislation laws, the Birds Directive, by designating Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in the marine environment. The current work analyses the spatial coverage offered by the SPA network to the 82 species of seabirds that occur in EU waters, and compare it to that of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), as defined by BirdLife International. Marine SPAs represent 3.9% of the EU's marine area, while the IBA network represents 4.4%. On average, only 0.05% of the EU marine area is protected, and there are enormous regional differences. On average, SPAs and IBAs both cover 16.0% of the breeding distribution range of seabird species, but only1.4% of their non-breeding distribution range. SPAs cover more than 50% of the breeding range of only one seabird family, Procellariidae, and both SPA and IBA networks offer greater coverage to threatened species than to non-threatened ones. The year when Member States were legally obliged (2008 onwards) to declare their marine SPA networks is not significantly related to their network size, and that those species subjected to tracking studies or have well known breeding colonies benefit from higher coverage. Methodological challenges that were once posed to implement the Birds Directive at sea are largely overcome, and political will is the main driver for identifying, designating and managing a complete network of marine SPAs in the EU. 相似文献
2.
Abstract The design and construction of a special-purpose laboratory catchment and rainfall simulator is described. The equipment consists of a soil catchment area that can be inclined at various angles. Additional instrumentation then measures the flow of water across the surface of, and through, the soil bed. Precipitation is provided by a unit that simulates rainfall at particular rates with uniform distribution. The equipment was used to examine infiltration, runoff and other hydrological properties of a number of soils under different rainfall intensities and with different catchment slopes. Correlations were obtained for these variables. 相似文献
3.
针对添加伪点加法在抵抗简单功耗分析攻击的同时效率损失过大的问题,为更好兼顾效率与安全,提出一种新的标量乘快速实现算法——随机伪操作法,通过以单片机为核心运算控制芯片的功耗分析平台进行实测分析验证,随机伪操作法不但能够很好抵抗简单功耗分析攻击,而且相对于添加伪点加法运算效率提高30%-50%。 相似文献
4.
不确定性理论集对分析在沙尘暴预报中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用集对分析（SPA）这一关于不确定性问题的数学理论和方法,基于概率统计分析,从SPA的同、异、反分析出发,用联系度公式导出解决预报中合理地使用预报因子的方法,实现预报模型因子结构的动态优化,增强模型预报机制的合理性,达到提高模型预报能力的目的。在以往对沙尘暴研究成果的基础上,以强风、热力和沙源三大影响因子为着眼点,结合2001\_2003年的沙尘暴天气个例,对沙尘暴天气进行了分类,分别选取预报因子,建立基于SPA的沙尘暴预报模型。根据数值预报产品输出结果,于2004年春季进行了短期（24 h）预报试用,结果表明,这一方法具有较好的效果。 相似文献
5.
Sun Xiuqin Wang Wenxin Shao Jijun Zhang Jinxin Lu Ying Xue Qinggang Song Qinyun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(3):245-248
This paper describes a rapid procedure for diagnosis of penaeid viral disease using the immune serological method. The SPA
(Staphylococcal Protein A) coagglutination test in early diagnosis of penaeid viral disease has yielded satisfactory results.
This is the first time SPA is used in China for diagnoses of viral diseases of marine invertebrates, especially penaeid shrimp.
The SPA early diagnostic method is characterized by accuracy, rapidity, simplicity and convenience, low cost, high specificity,
strong sensitivity and micro-detectability, and easy dissemination and adaptability in prawn farms. 相似文献
6.
This paper describes a rapid procedure for diagnosis of penaeid viral disease using the immune serological method. The SPA (Staphylococcal Protein A) coagglutination test in early diagnosis of penaeid viral disease has yielded satisfactory results.This is the first time SPA is used in China for diagnoses of viral diseases of marine invertebrates, especially penaeid shrimp.The SPA early diagnostic method is characterized by accuracy, rapidity, simplicity and convenience, low cost, high specificity, strong sensitivity and micro-detectability, and easy dissemination and adaptability in prawn farms. 相似文献
7.
基于集对分析和模糊集合论的水体营养化评价模型的应用研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
尝试在水环境评价领域引入并应用集对分析和模糊集合论，结合水体营养化等水环境评价中模式识别、等级评价问题的实际应用，将相关的概念和理论进行拓广，定义了广义联系熵和广义相对隶属度。分别建立了基于集对分析的水体营养化评价一级模型和基于集对分析一模糊集合论的水体营养化评价二级模型。我国12个有代表性的湖库营养化程度评价的应用实例表明：所建模型的评价结果与调查结果相符，与单一模糊模式识别结果基本相符；二级模型与一级模型和单一模糊模式相比，评价结果相对全面，更符合用水障碍调查结果的实际情况；而且从广义联系熵判断，二级模型的广义联系熵较一级模型和单一模糊模式大一些，即更好地反映了待评价水样与评价标准两个集合的确定不确定关系和联系程度，从而在一定程度上验证了所建模型的有效性和简便性。文中所用理论方法和所建模型也可推广应用于其他领域。 相似文献
8.
一种抗简单功耗分析攻击的模幂算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在真实环境下对智能卡RSA算法进行了功耗采集,通过简单功耗分析攻击(SPA)提取出了密钥,证明了传统的模幂运算二元表示(Binary Representation,BR)算法存在明显的密钥信息泄露缺陷。分析发现,信息泄露发生在程序的跳转分支处。针对这一缺陷,提出了一种原子化操作与引入随机数相结合的模幂算法。通过操作的原子化统一了模幂算法的执行路径,消除因跳转分支引起的信息泄露;引入随机数对密钥的汉明重量进行掩盖,有效地防止密钥信息的泄露。在MC8051上的实测验证表明,新算法确实具有抗简单功耗分析的特性。 相似文献
9.
Feng-guang Yang Yue Liang Vijay P. Singh Wen-sheng Wang Xiao-quan Zhou Xing-nian Liu Shu-you Cao Er Huang Yan-hua Wu 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):1015-1022
Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis （SPA） and modified Set Pair Analysis （mSPA）, were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A ease study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county, Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases, namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with xi. Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard. 相似文献
10.
地震次生地质灾害风险评估集对态势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
5．12四川汶川8级强震引发了大量次生地质灾害,加剧了灾情并严重影响抗震救灾。地震次生地质灾害受多重因素制约,其孕育与致灾过程具有不确定性。利用集对分析原理与方法,对地震次生地质灾害进行同异反态势分析,拟定了风险评估的集对分析同一度、差异度、对立度等指标体系的构建原则与赋值标准,对承灾体系统的不确定性及其作用作了刻画与分析,建立了不同风险分区代表性的集对分析联系度表达式,为地震灾害研究提供了可资借鉴的新思路和技术方法。 相似文献