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1.
Nurul Ain Mohd Zaki 《国际地球制图》2017,32(7):701-716
Tropical forest embraces a large stock of carbon and contributes to the enormous amount of above- and below-ground biomass and the global carbon cycle. The carbon kept in the above-ground living biomass of trees is typically the largest pool and the most directly impacted by deforestation and degradation. Hence, quantifying carbon stock and fluxes from tropical forests by estimating the above-ground forest biomass is the critical step that will be investigated further in this paper. Remote sensing technology can provide many advantages in quantifying and mapping forest structure and monitoring and mapping above-ground biomass, and is both temporally and spatially accurate. Therefore, a good data-set of biomass which comprises canopy height and canopy structure can provide carbon sequestration potential for forest reserves. This paper reviews a thorough research of biomass estimation using remote sensing and geospatial technologies. 相似文献
2.
机载LiDAR数据估算样地和单木尺度森林地上生物量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用机载激光雷达点云数据,结合大量实测单木结构信息,分别从样地和单木尺度估算了森林地上生物量AGB。首先,利用局部最大值单木提取算法提取了每个样地内的单木结构参数,并针对样地和单木尺度分别计算了一组激光雷达变量。然后,利用激光雷达变量和地上生物量及其两者的对数形式,从样地和单木尺度分别构建了估算模型。最后,针对两种尺度估算过程中存在的不确定性进行了详细讨论。结果表明:(1)样地和单木尺度模型估算的森林地上生物量与地面实测值都具有明显的相关性,且对数模型估算效果要优于非对数模型;(2)样地尺度模型估算效果(R2=0.84,rRMSE=0.23)明显优于单木尺度模型(R2=0.61,rRMSE=0.46);(3)按树木类型分别进行估算可以提高单木地上生物量的估算精度;(4)不论是样地还是单木尺度地上生物量估算都存在一定的不确定性,与样地尺度相比,单木尺度估算过程的不确定性更大,这种不确定性主要来自单木识别过程。 相似文献
3.
Plant allometric relationships were studied at the end of the 1999–2000 growing season for eight grasses. Logarithmic regressions were developed relating above-ground biomass to dimensional measurements or to tiller density. Basal diameters (the longest and the greatest perpendicular to the first) and plant height (defined as that reached by vegetative tillers) were recorded on individual plants of tussock grasses. The number of tillers per 1 m2 plot was counted for a rhizomatous grass. Our study proved that regression models including basal area or a combination of basal area and height as independent variables gave a good fit to the biomass data for tussock grasses. Density of tillers proved to be a good predictor of biomass for a rhizomatous species. A validation test using 20% of the data not used for estimating the regression equations indicated that these models made accurate prediction of grass biomass. Further work is needed to prove if there are year-to-year differences between models. 相似文献
4.
株高和地上生物量AGB（Above-Ground Biomass）是作物长势监测的重要指标,因此快速获取这些信息对指导田间管理具有重要意义。本研究通过无人机搭载高清数码相机分别获取马铃薯5个生育期的影像数据,地面实测株高H（heigh）和AGB以及地面控制点GCPs（Ground Control Points）的三维空间坐标。首先,利用试验区域的影像数据结合GCPs的位置信息从生成的数字表面模型DSM（Digital Surface Model）中提取出马铃薯的株高（Hdsm）。其次,选取26种植被指数和H、Hdsm组成新的数据集与AGB作相关性分析,筛选出相关性较高的前7个植被指数同Hdsm作为估算马铃薯AGB的输入参数。然后,使用MLR（Multiple Linear Regression）、SVM（Support Vector Machine）和ANN（Artificial Neural Network）方法分别基于植被指数、植被指数和Hdsm构建马铃薯多生育期AGB估算模型,对不同估算模型进行比较分析,从而选择出AGB估算的最佳模型。结果表明：基于DSM提取的Hdsm与实测株高H高度拟合（R2=0.86,RMSE=6.36 cm,NRMSE=13.42%）;各生育期基于3种回归技术均以植被指数融入Hdsm构建的模型精度最高,估算能力最强;各生育期利用MLR方法构建的AGB估算模型效果最佳,其次为SVM-AGB估算模型,而ANN-AGB估算模型效果最差。该研究可为马铃薯AGB快速、无损监测提供科学参考。 相似文献
5.
机器学习算法在森林地上生物量估算中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林地上生物量是森林生产力的重要评价指标,对其进行高效监测对维持全球碳平衡和保护生态系统具有重要意义。本文首先基于冠层高度模型数据,通过分水岭分割算法得到单木冠幅边界;然后在单木冠幅范围内提取23个LiDAR变量,结合佩诺布斯科特试验森林的87组实测数据,利用随机森林和支持向量机建立森林地上生物量估算模型;最后对样地模型估算的结果进行了比较,讨论了预测结果及其精度。结果表明:本文选用的随机森林模型和支持向量机模型在估算森林地上生物量的应用中获得了较高的精度;并且,随机森林模型在基于机载雷达数据估测森林地上生物量中的估算精度更高,模型泛化能力更强,制图精度也更好,具有更好的适用性。 相似文献
6.
We examined environmental factors which are most responsible for the 8-year temporal dynamics of the intertidal seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in southern Taiwan. A dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a dimension-reduction technique, was applied to identify common trends in a multivariate time series and the relationships between this series and interacting environmental variables. The results of dynamic factor models (DFMs) showed that the leaf growth rate of the seagrass was mainly influenced by salinity (Sal), tidal range (TR), turbidity (K), and a common trend representing an unexplained variability in the observed time series. Sal was the primary variable that explained the temporal dynamics of the leaf growth rate compared to TR and K. K and TR had larger influences on the leaf growth rate in low- than in high-elevation beds. In addition to K, TR, and Sal, UV-B radiation (UV-B), sediment depth (SD), and a common trend accounted for long-term temporal variations of the above-ground biomass. Thus, K, TR, Sal, UV-B, and SD are the predominant environmental variables that described temporal growth variations of the intertidal seagrass T. hemprichii in southern Taiwan. In addition to environmental variables, human activities may be contributing to negative impacts on the seagrass beds; this human interference may have been responsible for the unexplained common trend in the DFMs. Due to successfully applying the DFA to analyze complicated ecological and environmental data in this study, important environmental variables and impacts of human activities along the coast should be taken into account when managing a coastal environment for the conservation of intertidal seagrass beds. 相似文献
7.
神农架林区气候复杂,森林类型多样,巴山冷杉林生境复杂,生物量估算难度较大。本研究首先将神农架林区植被细分类,提取出研究区巴山冷杉林分布范围,然后使用换算因子连续函数法对外业调查的研究区22块巴山冷杉样地进行样地生物量估算;最后利用逐步多元回归分析方法,估算巴山冷杉生物量。回归方程的拟合优度检验R值为0.851,决定系数R2为0.725,显著性检测值F为11.20。主要结论有:1)研究区提取出巴山冷杉面积为8 347.41 hm2,巴山冷杉生物量总量为102.51×104t,平均值为122.8 t/hm2。与前人的研究成果相比,估算平均值基本一致,实验结果可信。2)巴山冷杉林生物量出现了从边缘向内部的递减现象,巴山冷杉在林区呈现"离散化"分布,生物量也存在空间上的"退化"现象。 相似文献
8.
Tyas Mutiara Basuki Andrew K. Skidmore Patrick E. van Laake Iris van Duren Yousif A. Hussin 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):329-345
A main limitation of pixel-based vegetation indices or reflectance values for estimating above-ground biomass is that they do not consider the mixed spectral components on the earth's surface covered by a pixel. In this research, we decomposed mixed reflectance in each pixel before developing models to achieve higher accuracy in above-ground biomass estimation. Spectral mixture analysis was applied to decompose the mixed spectral components of Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery into fractional images. Afterwards, regression models were developed by integrating training data and fraction images. The results showed that the spectral mixture analysis improved the accuracy of biomass estimation of Dipterocarp forests. When applied to the independent validation data set, the model based on the vegetation fraction reduced 5–16% the root mean square error compared to the models using a single band 4 or 5, multiple bands 4, 5, 7 and all non-thermal bands of Landsat ETM+. 相似文献
9.
森林是重要的陆地生态系统碳汇。1990–2007年间全球森林平均每年从大气中吸收固定2.4±0.4PgC,但对全球森林未来固碳量的评价多是基于气候因素的过程模型的模拟结果,很少有基于森林调查样地数据评价全球森林固碳潜力的研究。我们收集整理野外调查和已发表的成熟林生物量数据728条,建立全球成熟林生物量数据库。根据成熟林地上生物量碳储量空间插值,得到全球森林地上生物量碳容量,进而评估全球森林地上生物量的固碳潜力。结果显示:(1)全球成熟林地上生物量自赤道向两极整体呈递减趋势,但最大值出现在中纬度区;(2)气温和降水是影响成熟林地上生物量的重要因素;(3)全球森林地上生物量碳容量约为586.2±49.3PgC,其地上生物量固碳潜力为313.4PgC。因此,充分发挥现有森林的碳吸存能力,减少对现有森林碳库的干扰,是土地利用变化之外减缓温室气体排放的又一可选途径。 相似文献
10.
Koura, Paranephrops planifrons, were found up to 1260 m a.s.l. in a subalpine area of Tonga‐riro National Park in May and July 1978. Their habitat is described briefly, and possible factors limiting the distribution and abundance of high altitude populations of freshwater crayfish are listed. It is suggested that all mountains may not necessarily form absolute zoogeographic barriers to koura; the kind of mountain and the ecological milieu may be more important. 相似文献