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The Ethiopian highlands are a center of diversity for numerous globally important crops. Heterogeneous landscapes, traditional agricultural practices, and inaccessibility have created and maintained diverse subsistence agroecosystems. We surveyed sixty-three farms in twelve communities of the Gamo highlands and found high levels of on-farm diversity of crop species and varieties. The extent and nature of this diversity are related to both ecological factors, namely elevation, and anthropogenic factors such as land-use history, accessibility to markets and extension, and strength and scale of farmer exchange networks. These human landscape features have the potential to both enhance and mediate effects of elevation and other environmental factors on crop diversity. The interaction of environmental and anthropogenic forces on the diversity of crops grown by farmers affects the strategies farmers employ to adapt their farming to changing conditions. 相似文献
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David Meek 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(1):65-74
The spatial nature of learning is increasingly a focus of geographic inquiry. I argue that the spatiality of education, which is where formal learning occurs, has the potential to shape students’ spatial imaginaries. I analyze the role the spatiality of agronomic education plays in the historical construction of the social and physical landscape in southeastern Pará, Brazil. In opposing ways, the first Green Revolution, and agrarian social movements’ more recent agroecological Green Revolution are found to structure agronomic education and spatial imaginaries. The perspectives of agricultural extension agents trained in traditional agronomic programs are compared with teachers from an agroecological school located in an Amazonian agrarian reform settlement of Brazil's Landless Workers’ Movement. I collected these data over 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork. To analyze these data, I employ a political ecology of education perspective, which highlights how education and political economy interact to mediate relations with, access to, and contestations over natural resources. The geography of education and the education of geography exist in a complicated feedback cycle: Education is not neutral but ideologically charged and affects conceptions of productive landscapes, providing students intellectual and economic power to put their visions of landscape into effect. 相似文献
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THE STUDIES ON WATERLOGGING DAMAGE IN JIANGHAN PLAIN USING DEM 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
喻光明 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1992,2(1):87-93
The waterlogging damage is the pit to agriculture in plain and lake region. This damage is related to the groundwater, ancient lakes, soil, land use and negative landforms, the conventional technique is adopted to the study of this damage. In this paper, we suggest a new technical method, the technique is based on DEM, to study this problem. The DEM is developed on the ECLIPSE MV/ 10000 AOS/ VS system, and the estimation model of waterlogging loss is built on the historical data of the test region in Jianghan Plain. and then, the rice waterlogging loss of test region is estimated by them. 相似文献
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骆世明 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,2(1):8-14
中国生态农业开始于20世纪70年代末80年代初。中国生态农业的目标是有效地协调农业实践的社会、经济和生态效益。其关键途径包括在景观层面的生态规划,在生态系统层面的循环体系设计,以及重建重要的生物多样性。有利的社会经济环境对于中国生态农业发展至关重要。在社会体系方面,中国的生态农业发展需要通过教育、立法和评估体系建设建立必要的道德标准。在经济环境方面,中国生态农业发展需要有效的政府补助政策,有效的污染排放市场体系,以及生态友好产品销售的成熟市场。 相似文献
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Eco-agriculture is the principal measure for addressing the environmental issues caused by agriculture and an essential direction for agriculture in the future. Meanwhile, the development of eco-agriculture is inseparable from its technical support. At present, the eco-agricultural technologies commonly used in China can be divided into three categories according to their theoretical basis and practical types: the technologies used to realize the precision input of material resources, the technologies used to improve material circulation efficiency, and the technologies that use the principle of species symbiosis. Although these technologies provide essential support for developing eco-agriculture in China, there are also problems associated with their implementation, such as poor technical application and a low level of industrialization. Therefore, in the future development of eco-agriculture technology in China, the technologies producers should take the actual problems as guide and pay attention to the popularization, industrialization, and application of the technologies. 相似文献
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马铃薯与玉米多样性种植生态防治病害的试验研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对中国西南山区作物病害发病高峰与降雨高峰重叠难以防治的难点,进行了生态调控马铃薯与玉米种植结构避雨避病的试验。试验结果表明,时间上提前和推后马铃薯种植避开了降雨高峰,平均降低晚疫病病情指数44.3%。空间上行距拉宽株距缩小,通风透光减轻病害,套种玉米的大斑病平均降低病情指数为14.8%,小斑病平均降低22.5%。本试验的另一重要结果表明,通过调整马铃薯种植结构可以大幅度提高耕地产出率,马铃薯与玉米套种,提前和推后种植马铃薯分别提高土地利用率1.738-1.766。本文研究结果对作物病害的生态防治和增加粮食产量有重要现实意义。通过时空优化作物与环境的配置,合理利用农业生态结构,适应最佳生态环境,实现优质高产高效。 相似文献
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V. Ernesto Méndez Christopher M. Bacon Meryl Olson Katlyn S. Morris Annie Shattuck 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):357-376
We used households as the primary unit of analysis to synthesize agrobiodiversity research in small-scale coffee farms and cooperatives of Nicaragua and El Salvador. Surveys, focus groups, and plant inventories were used to analyze agrobiodiversity and its contribution to livelihoods. Households managed high levels of agrobiodiversity, including 100 shade tree and epiphyte species, food crops, and medicinals. Small farms contained higher levels of agrobiodiversity than larger, collectively managed cooperatives. Households benefited from agrobiodiversity through consumption and sales. To better support agrobiodiversity conservation, our analysis calls for a hybrid approach integrating bottom-up initiatives with the resources from top-down projects. 相似文献
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本文概略地论述了黄秉维先生开拓以水为中心的农业生态研究的学术思想，理论渊源和方法论特征；追忆其为懈追求付诸实施的实践活动。在华北平原建立农业生态系统试验站，开展以水为中心的农业生态研究，为获取可靠数据，实验力求严谨精确，具有原创性和综合性；试验性质具有明确应用目标的基础研究。从20世纪70年代末以来，在北京和栾城农业生态系统试验站开展了下列研究：微气象学方法研究农田物质能量交换；农田净辐射与热量平衡；水分传输及其驱动力机制；气孔行为与环境因素联系；作物生态模拟和模型；瞬态作物群体光能利用率与水分利用率；水势、冠层温度与气孔活动判别土壤水分亏缺，作物水分胁迫机制及其确定与利用等，在一系列重要方面均作了尝试并取得显著进展，为中国北方农业节水及发展节水农业、旱作农业奠定了理论基础与实践途径。 相似文献
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