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Doñana National Park is an area of approximately 500 km2 located on the SW coast of Spain that shows one of the greatest geoid gradients on the entire Iberian Peninsula, due to its peculiar tectonic characteristics. So, it is necessary to elaborate an accurate geoid model that can be used with GPS for precise surveying, since the existing ones are insufficient, due to their poor resolution and their limited adaptation to a small area with such a strong gradient. The least squares prediction method was tested in order to obtain the undulation from GPS/orthometric points. The results obtained were unsatisfactory because of the strong geoid gradient. In order to improve accuracy the remove-restore technique was used. Global geopotential model EIGEN-CG01C and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a 25 × 25 m resolution and an accuracy better than 3 m were used. Thus, the final geometrical geoid obtained reaches the precision required by other disciplines (3 cm in any point within the Park). Particularly, the geoid model has allowed for the acquisition of a precision DEM that is essential to formulate a hydrodynamic model for the Doñana marsh functions. 相似文献
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This study on the sectional and vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the O_2 fluxes acrossthe sea-air interface in East China Sea (ESC) waters shows that the waters were in steady state and thatthe difference of DO was great in upper and bottom waters in Apr. 1994; but that seawater mixingwas strong and the difference of DO was small in upper and bettom waters in Oct. 1994. The above con-dusions were specially obvious in continental shelf waters under 100m. The DO maximum in subsurfacelayer waters appeared only at several stations and in general the DO in the waters decreased with depth.The horizontal distributions of O_2 fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared in stripes in Leg 9404 whenmost regions covend were supersaturated with O_2. seawater to air flux wn large, and that on section No.1was 1.594 L/m~2·d. The horizontal distribution of O_2 fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared lumpy inLeg 9410, when most regions covered were unsaturated with O_2. O_2 was dissolved from air 相似文献
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M. Olías F. González J. C. Cerón J. P. Bolívar J. González-Labajo S. García-López 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(7):1555-1568
The variations of groundwater quality in the unconfined zone of the Almonte-Marismas aquifer, upon which Doñana National Park is located, are analysed. Most sampled points are multiple piezometers, allowing for the vertical distribution study of the hydrogeochemical characteristics in the aquifer. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and redox potential were determined in the field. A large number of parameters, including major ions and a large amount of minor and trace elements, were analysed. In the southern zone, where aeolian sands crop out, water composition in the shallower part of the aquifer is of the sodium chloride type, with low pH (5.5–6) and mineralization (<200 μS/cm) values. As water circulates through the aquifer, bicarbonate and calcium concentrations increase slightly. In agricultural or urban zones, nitrates and sulphates present their highest contents in the upper part of the aquifer. In zones with low pH levels (around 6), concentration of many trace metals (Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, etc.) also shows a distribution similar to that of sulphates and nitrates, which indicates its fertilizer-linked origin. In zones with neutral or alkaline pH, regardless of high nitrate content, concentration of the above mentioned metals is very low due to its immobilisation by surface adsorption processes. The distribution of Br contents also shows the effects of agricultural pollution. 相似文献
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本文基于重建的1595~2006年澜沧江源区年平均流量(澜沧江流量)和NOAA古气候资料,应用MTM-SVD方法对澜沧江流量周期变化规律及其对厄尔尼诺的响应进行了分析。结果表明,近400年澜沧江流量与厄尔尼诺有显著负相关,在年代际的13.5年和年际的5年周期上存在显著协同变化,并且分别对当年春末和上年秋初的大气环流有很好的响应。在13.5年和5年典型循环过程中,二者都表现出反位相的对应关系,当厄尔尼诺指数偏低(高)时,澜沧江流量偏多(少)。但是进一步分析海温异常空间分布,发现在13.5年周期中,澜沧江流量主要受中部型厄尔尼诺事件影响,而在5年周期循环中,澜沧江流量则主要受东部型厄尔尼诺事件调控。在13.5年典型周期循环中,中部型厄尔尼诺会引起双圈沃克环流异常,同时激发PJ(太平洋-日本涛动)遥相关波列,并影响澜沧江源区气温和降水,从而导致澜沧江流量异常;在5年周期循环中,东部型厄尔尼诺会引起单圈沃克环流异常,同时激发EU(欧亚)遥相关波列,进而影响澜沧江流量变化。 相似文献
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