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1.
The Cambrian-Vendian groundwater body plays an important role in drinking water supply of capital Tallinn and other settlements
in northern Estonia. Water quality in this deep-seated confined groundwater body is influenced by the intrusion of present-day
seawater and pumping-induced upward migration of deeper saline groundwater. The aim of this study is to evaluate the threshold
values applying the methodology worked out within the EU 6th FP project “Background criteria for the identification of groundwater
thresholds (BRIDGE)” and to compare the results with the values proposed by local authorities. A database containing 250 monitoring
points was completed and used for the calculation of natural background levels (as the 90 and 97.7 percentile) in groundwater.
The calculation of threshold values is based on natural background levels and reference values. In case of Cambrian-Vendian
groundwater body the receptor is drinking water, thus limit values set by Estonian drinking water standard were used as reference
values. The threshold values proposed by local authorities are more or less the same as calculated by BRIDGE methodology.
Exceptionally different values are derived in case of chloride and ammonium. 相似文献
2.
SHANNON O'LEAR 《Geographical review》1997,87(2):275-290
ABSTRACT. The use of e-mail by a grassroots activist group that straddles the Estonian-Russian border transcends political boundaries and provides ready connections to people in distant places. Activists create a perceived space of resistance in a supportive network that is stretched across space. This network of concern, defined by the physical space in which these activists work and by the strong communicative connections among them, was created to overcome continued environmental mismanagement and remove cultural barriers to cooperation. E-mail communication has enabled an ongoing influence on environmental policy in Estonia and Russia. This circumstance of a collaborative e-mail network created by grassroots activists to aid political work is a testament to how communication technology has expanded for the purpose of strengthening previously silenced voices in a regional and political context. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents the results of the distribution of trace elements in Estonian mires. Sixty four mires, representative of the different landscape units, were analyzed for the content of 16 trace elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb using AAS; Cd by GF-AAS; Hg by the cold vapour method; and V, Co, As, Sr, Mo, Th, and U by XRF) as well as other peat characteristics (peat type, degree of humification, pH and ash content). The results of the research show that concentrations of trace elements in peat are generally low: V 3.8 ± 0.6, Cr 3.1 ± 0.2, Mn 35.1 ± 2.7, Co 0.50 ± 0.05, Ni 3.7 ± 0.2, Cu 4.4 ± 0.3, Zn 10.0 ± 0.7, As 2.4 ± 0.3, Sr 21.9 ± 0.9, Mo 1.2 ± 0.2, Cd 0.12 ± 0.01, Hg 0.05 ± 0.01, Pb 3.3 ± 0.2, Th 0.47 ± 0.05, U 1.3 ± 0.2 μg g− 1 and S 0.25 ± 0.02%. Statistical analyses on these large database showed that Co has the highest positive correlations with many elements and ash content. As, Ni, Mo, ash content and pH are also significantly correlated. The lowest abundance of most trace elements was recorded in mires fed only by precipitation (ombrotrophic), and the highest in mires fed by groundwater and springs (minerotrophic), which are situated in the flood plains of river valleys. Concentrations usually differ between the superficial, middle and bottom peat layers, but the significance decreases depending on the type of mire in the following order: transitional mires – raised bogs – fens. Differences among mire types are highest for the superficial but not significant for the basal peat layers.The use of peat with high concentrations of trace elements in agriculture, horticulture, as fuel, for water purification etc., may pose a risk for humans: via the food chain, through inhalation, drinking water etc. 相似文献
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5.
爱沙尼亚干酪根催化降解生烃过程及动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以爱沙尼亚油页岩干酪根为对象,利用热模拟实验方法和化工催化原理,考察了不同介质对干酪根热解生烃过程的影响,从热解生烃量、生烃组成特征及生烃动力学等方面进行了探讨。结果表明:膏岩对干酪根的生烃具有明显催化作用,碳酸盐岩对干酪根的生烃具有一定反催化作用,各种盐类对干酪根的生烃量影响较小。干酪根热解动力学研究表明,生烃动力学参数表观活化能E与视频率因子A两者之间不是独立变化的,而是具有一定的关系,即:E与lnA之间服从直线关系(R=0.99),这些认识对于深入探讨爱沙尼亚油页岩干酪根的化学结构、建立热解动力学模型具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
6.
Brad Ruting 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(1):17-33
Many migrants and their descendants make journeys to their homelands, and these visits form an important part of their ethnic identities, kinship relations and transnational connections. While such journeys have attracted increased attention recently, there has been relatively little exploration of the experiences that migrants’ children have when visiting their parents’ homeland, especially in an exile context when there has been little contact with the homeland for an extended period. This paper examines why the children and grandchildren of Estonian migrants to Australia journey to Estonia, and the experiences they have there. Motivations for visiting are complex and varied, and typically interweaved with parents’ stories, ethnic identities, kinship and curiosity. While visiting was a positive but emotional experience for some, it involved awkward encounters for others. This paper explores how these journeys led to respondents reconceptualising their senses of identity, belonging and home, and how many came to align their identities to both Estonia and Australia simultaneously. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates a detailed well‐dated Lateglacial floristic colonisation in the eastern Baltic area, ca. 14 000–9000 cal. a BP, using palynological, macrofossil, loss‐on‐ignition, and 14C data. During 14 000–13 400 cal. a BP, primarily treeless pioneer tundra vegetation existed. Tree birch (Betula sect. Albae) macro‐remains and a high tree pollen accumulation rate indicate the presence of forest‐tundra with birch and possibly pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees during 13 400–12 850 cal. a BP. Palaeobotanical data indicate that the colonisation and development of forested areas were very rapid, arising within a period of less than 50 years. Thus far, there are no indications of conifer macrofossils in Estonia to support the presence of coniferous forests in the Lateglacial period. Signs of Greenland Interstadial 1b cooling during 13 100 cal. a BP are distinguishable. Biostratigraphic evidence indicates that the vegetation was again mostly treeless tundra during the final colder episode of the Lateglacial period associated with Greenland Stadial 1, approximately 12 850–11 650 cal. a BP. This was followed by onset of the Holocene vegetation, with the expansion of boreal forests, in response to rapid climatic warming. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
We reconstructed annual mean temperature (Tann) trends from three radiocarbon-dated Holocene pollen stratigraphies from lake sediments in Estonia, northern Europe. The reconstructions were carried out using a North-European pollen-climate calibration model based on weighted averaging partial least-squares regression. The cross-validated prediction error of the model is 0.89°C and the coefficient of determination between observed modern Tann values and those predicted by the model is 0.88. In the reconstruction, the Holocene thermal maximum (HTM) is distinguishable at 8000-4500 cal yr B.P., with the expansion of thermophilous tree species and Tann on average 2.5°C higher than at present. The pollen-stratigraphical data reflect progressively warmer and drier summers during the HTM. Analogously with the modern decadal-scale climatic variability in North Europe, we interpret this as an indication of increasing climatic continentality due to the intensification of anticyclonic circulation and meridional air flow. Post-HTM cooling started abruptly at around 4500 cal yr B.P. All three reconstructions show a transient (ca. 300 years) cooling of 1.5-2.0°C at 8600-8000 cal yr B.P. We tentatively correlate this cold event with the North-Atlantic “8.2 ka event” at 8400-8000 cal yr B.P. Provided that the 8.2 ka event was caused by freshening of the North-Atlantic surface water, our data provide evidence of the climatic and vegetational responsiveness of the boundary of the temperate and boreal zones to the weakening of the North-Atlantic thermohaline circulation and the zonal energy transport over Europe. No other cold events of comparable magnitude are indicated during the last 8000 years. 相似文献
9.
Enn Karro Ene Indermitte Astrid Saava Kadri Haamer Andres Marandi 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(3):389-396
A study was undertaken to examine the content and spatial distribution of fluoride in drinking water. Water samples (735) from public water systems covering all Estonian territory were analysed using SPADNS method. In order to specify the natural source of fluoride, the chemistry data from five aquifer systems utilised for water supply were included into the study. Fluoride concentrations in tap water, to a great extent, ranged from 0.01 to 6.95 mg/l. Drinking water in southern Estonia, where terrigenous Middle-Devonian aquifer system is exploited, has a fluoride concentration lower than recommended level (0.5 mg/l), thus promoting susceptibility to dental caries. The western part of the country is supplied by water with excess fluoride content (1.5–6.9 mg/l). Groundwater abstracted for drinking purposes originates from Ordovician and Silurian carbonate rocks. The content of fluoride in Silurian–Ordovician aquifer system is associated with the groundwater abstraction depth and the main controlling factors of dissolved fluoride are the pH value and the chemical type of water. 相似文献
10.
This paper focuses on how landscape development in areas of land uplift has come to direct the primary human colonisation
on the coastal areas in north-western Estonia. A Swedish-speaking minority population has at least since medieval times settled
these areas. On the basis of an estimation of the rate of land uplift, the shoreline development and topography of a section
of the coast was reconstructed. In this respect, it appears that large changes have occurred in that during the Middle Ages,
the coast was much steeper but also much longer than today, full of little bays and points. This means that the drainage of
near-shore areas was more intensive and that it was possible to find suitable landing places and well-sheltered harbours in
some locations. These locations appear to have been primary settlements of the Swedish-speaking colonists and are very similar
to coastal settlements of the same age along other coasts of the central Baltic Sea basin. Thus, the results presented in
the paper allow the selection of primary research sites for field studies of the early settlement history of this ancient
Estonian minority.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献